X-BOX Essay Example

X-BOX Essay Xbox owned and designed by Microsoft Corporation is their first endeavor in the gaming industry. It was seen that there was a lot of potential in the video game market therefore Microsoft wanted to enter this part of the industry, also because they wanted to diversify their portfolio as there concentration was mainly on software’s alone. They wanted to come up with a game console design that was superior to all other competitors in the market. At the time of the launch of Xbox there were already tough competitors existing in the market and the intensity of the rivalry was very high there fore the company had to dedicate large sums of money, time and effort in order to launch this new innovation in the gaming industry.There were other substitutes available to the gaming industry such as PC’s and other games. Since the market was doing well there was a risk of other potential entrants into the market. However among the gaming experts that were already established in the m arket were Sony that was leading the market with its expensive playstation2 (PS2) followed by the reasonably priced family entertainment, Nintendo’s game cube. Xbox was launched in 2001 in North America first, followed by Japan, Europe and Australia. Before the launch of the product itself the company spent extensive team on the research and analysis of the Xbox in order to understand their target market in a better way. Moreover the customers were at a better bargaining state as they choose their console based on the game proposal as they had information about the market.There were many challenges that the company had to face before the launch in Canada. Mugford was responsible for the marketing of Xbox in Canada.The industry trend in the gaming industry was that they took the marketing support from the third party publishers or the console manufactures. But in Canada there was not too many resources available related to this compared to US. Unlike the United States Canada p rovided only 30% of the advertisements through third party publishers and Microsoft had to work them selves in order to promote Xbox and they wanted to maximize consumer purchases and for that they needed an effective promotional campaign. Third party console publishers would prefer to work with successful game developers.Secondly Mugford had to establish relationships with the promotional partners that would have supported and helped in the building the brand, however it was Mugford’s challenge to see that none of the partnerships in the Canadian market clash with the one in US.Advertising expense was high in Canada relative to the United States. The company had a budget of Cdn$12million for the marketing of the brand.   From this amount there were $6.965 million that were assigned for the advertising for Xbox. However there were a lot of challenges that the Xbox Canada had to face during the advertising of their brand. At the time of Xbox’s launch in Canada Sony ha d already allocated a huge amount for the advertising, more than Xbox because they had a larger install base. Xbox wanted to reach global markets therefore they adopted the traditional approach of advertising in order to market their brand.Given the budget constraints Mugford had to market the brand. He wanted to use the US based advertising in Canada too in order to reach the target market, which is why he bought MTV media awards which are supposed to be the biggest media event of Canada.Mugford had to play the ad for Xbox within three weeks of launch. There was less time and too many restrictions on making this ad. However Mugford hired an ad agency which was given the responsibility of making the ad.After the analysis it was seen that the gaming experts used the internet for the information about the games. But Mugford didn’t have resources to launch the Xbox Canadian website, he eventually made one but the site didn’t have Canadian content.The Canadian retailers pr eferred having a direct contact with Taylor for distribution purposes rather than the new sales associates. However he was worried because Xbox Canada didn’t have enough resources to set up a direct distribution channel at that point in time.Another challenge that Taylor who was responsible for the distribution of the consoles had to distribute the consoles to the 700 retailers in Canada n that too at a short period of time. Not that the distribution was a problem there were other problems that were associated to it. The products that were distributed in Canada to the entire major retailers they had to fulfill other requirements too which were such as packaging requirements that included French language in order to cater to the French population in Canada. This increased the cost relative to the US market. Taylor hired three distributors to undertake this task.Taylor had to improve relationships with the retailers in the mean time as well as the game developers. At the launch Microsoft had limited consoles available for sale. But they had to convince the retailers and the gaming experts that their product will give them quality unlike the Sega claim at that time about its promises that eventually failed.Xbox was priced higher than the Sony and Nintendo. This initially did have an impact on the sales as it didn’t make Xbox the leader in the market. However later the prices were reduced in order to boost the sales for the brand.The public relations planning were another challenge faced by Microsoft. It was becoming difficult to launch the video games on time and meet the dates and thus plans things accordinglyXbox was a new brand in the market. The company wanted to reinforce the brands image of Xbox .there was various ways the company could do this. They took part in major media events. They wanted to promote the different games of Xbox .they wanted to increase the market share of Xbox. The company had clear marketing objectives. They wanted to im prove the relations with the retailers and game developers; this was done spending a major portion of their budget on the advertising of the brand. They had a limited budget allocated by Microsoft and they had to plan their strategy according to that.They had a planned marketing mix which comprised of the 4p’s of product, price, place and promotion. They wanted to maintain the price o $299 Canadian dollar. This included many things such as increasing the shelf space for Xbox, sponsoring various events, and a commission system for the sales team to increase the sales and the workers motivation.They had a proper research plan that was focused on getting to know the target market. This would have made it easier to promote the product and the brand. They came to know the different kinds of customers who are going to buy the product, the gaming experts were the actual people the company wanted to buy the product.They organized a developer tour in which they promoted four of the Xb ox’s games .at the launch time the product was supplied to all the stores across the country. Moreover in order to reach his target market .he even derived his marketing campaign in the 80% universities of Canada. He even used print media to inform the students about Xbox.A very attractive part of the marketing was an Xbox bus that was suppose to drive all over Canada. This was an ideal way to target the customers that Xbox wanted to. The bus had all types of Xbox games and equipment. It brought excitement among customers. It was to encourage people to buy video games console. Mugford’s public relations efforts were to strengthen the brand. Those people were hired who were enthusiastic and knew about the work.Microsoft had to come across various distribution challenges in all this process. When Microsoft realized that the price they are charging is not giving value to the customers, which are what the customers perceived about the brand. They started to work on that. I t lowered its price and came second in the market.The Xbox strategy was focused and clear. Microsoft was clear about their target and based on that they were making their financial and marketing strategies. The promotional campaign, the launch and the distribution was all based on that. They hired the right kind of people who would do the work such as Mugford and Taylor who gelled well with the entire plan. The launch was planned and implemented across Canada.The market in year2/year3 situation is changing. In year 2 there was a positive growth rate of Xbox in the market. Xbox became the next generation console .the market share fr the Xbox reached a 24%.there was a growth of the sales as compared to the previous year of 48%.by this time the next generation video game system came second in the united states, across Canada and Europe and was doing very well. December was the year when the company made the highest sales. In Canada it was selling at a very fast rate. The sale was incre asing.They had a different plan for year 2 marketing. They wanted to reach the customers and gain long term success and commitment from the customers. The public relations and journalists were responsible for to promoting the gaming industry by writing about it.   Consumers were interested in the gaming industry there was an upward trend on the sales of such game consoles at this time of the year. The advertising cost in Canada was high as compared to the United States.However in the year 2002 it was still continuously showing a positive growth in the market. During the start of 2002 Sony was dominating the market with the market of 43% while Nintendo had taken the second place with a 30% there was a growing popularity and the sales of the console increased 6%, the demand for the play station 2 fell by 36% in the same year. Nintendo’s game cube fell by 22% but by this time Xbox had already captured around 27% of the gaming industry’s share. There was also an increase in the hardware demand of the Xbox as compared to the other competitor’s brand of Sony and Nintendo their market share fell by 58% in the same period. With the growing success of the Xbox Microsoft had plans to launch it at other places too such as Korea, Austria m Denmark, Finland and Switzerland. Microsoft had 50 action packed Xbox game which was part of the popular Xbox live. This many number of games online were more than many competitors.Mugford was concerned that the brand did not come on the second position however the amount of success and sales the brand got considering the amount of finance and resources that was available to him it was good enough and they were confident that very soon the brand is going to grow big in the future and the sales will increase. But Microsoft had to work on this in order to maintain this position because Sony was also doing well and they during the next holiday season and that would give a tough competition.Microsoft was assigned a bu dget for the implementation of the plan. the amount of finance available is very important because all your marketing decisions which include planning for the advertising, promotions, sales , launch , paying the workers, the production and distribution is based on that The working strategy, everything is interconnected. The more finance one has then you can choose to spend on them. As is the case here the marketing budget is restricted for Xbox.Therefore the advertising plans and promotions are based on the amount of budget. Based on the finance there are various advertising and branding techniques are implemented such as print media and other means of promotion such as Xbox bus and the event marketing. There are events on campus that Microsoft sponsors such as sporting events of football , hockey and basketball, music bands and performance of bands. Mugford was given cdn$12 million for the launch of Xbox in Canada. and then it was based on this overall marketing expenditure that Mu gford decided to allocate a share of Cdn$6.965 for the advertising .the advertising cost in Canada was more as compared to the united states and this was a challenge for Mugford such things tend to have an impact on the over all strategy for the business and the product.When he wanted to create a Canadian website he didn’t have the resources to do this.   Your financial implications also tend to have an effect on the kind of workers you are going to hire. When you don’t have enough finance to pay and hire truly enthusiastic people in your team then your product will not do well. The retailers wanted a direct relationship with Taylor which was not possible because he didn’t have enough resources to create a direct communication channel. Moreover the company had to bear the cost of packaging and labeling more because in Canada the packaging also required everything to be written in French and that of course added to the cost. Taylor hired extra sales representat ives in his team because he wanted qualified team of workers to help him with the sales. The financial implications tend to affect the goals of the brand.

Free Essays on Social Comformity

Nuremberg’s trials were a product of May 1940. This is the date the camp Auschwitz was set up. Thirty-seven miles west of Crawcow, innocent convicted criminals were installed at its prisoner hierarchy. Originally it was set up to be an instrument of exterminator and terror of the Poles. But as time passed, the Nazi’s began to depart people to the camp from all over Europe, Mainly Jews-citizens of various countries. When Polish soldiers attempted to repel the German invasion, the town of Oswiecim and surrounding areas were incorporated within the Third Reich. At this time its name was turned into Auschwitz. Two reasons this location was picked was because of it could be easily expanded and isolated from the outside world and because Oswiecim position as an important railway junction. This way they could get a lot of work done by train. April 1940, Rudolf Hoss was appointed Auschwitz first commandant, June 1940 the Gestapo dispatched the first political prisoners to Auschwitz-seven hundred and twenty eight Poles from Tarnow, Poland. Initially the camp comprised of twenty buildings. As the number of inmates increased, the area covered by the camp grew also, until it was practically transformed into a gigantic and horrific factory of death. Come 1941 the construction of a second camp, later called Auschwitz ii- Birkenau was built. Now Auschwitz I becoming the parent or â€Å"Stammlager† to a whole new generation of camps (). Above the main gate at Auschwitz-which prisoners passed each day on their way to work- there was a cynical inscription: â€Å"Arbeit macht frei† which means work brings freedom. The living conditions, although they varied to some extent during certain stages in time, were always unbearable. The first trainloads of prisoners slept on straw scattered on concrete floors; later the straw mattresses were introduced (). Two hundred prisoners were housed in a dormitory, which was barley adequate for forty to fifty perso... Free Essays on Social Comformity Free Essays on Social Comformity Nuremberg’s trials were a product of May 1940. This is the date the camp Auschwitz was set up. Thirty-seven miles west of Crawcow, innocent convicted criminals were installed at its prisoner hierarchy. Originally it was set up to be an instrument of exterminator and terror of the Poles. But as time passed, the Nazi’s began to depart people to the camp from all over Europe, Mainly Jews-citizens of various countries. When Polish soldiers attempted to repel the German invasion, the town of Oswiecim and surrounding areas were incorporated within the Third Reich. At this time its name was turned into Auschwitz. Two reasons this location was picked was because of it could be easily expanded and isolated from the outside world and because Oswiecim position as an important railway junction. This way they could get a lot of work done by train. April 1940, Rudolf Hoss was appointed Auschwitz first commandant, June 1940 the Gestapo dispatched the first political prisoners to Auschwitz-seven hundred and twenty eight Poles from Tarnow, Poland. Initially the camp comprised of twenty buildings. As the number of inmates increased, the area covered by the camp grew also, until it was practically transformed into a gigantic and horrific factory of death. Come 1941 the construction of a second camp, later called Auschwitz ii- Birkenau was built. Now Auschwitz I becoming the parent or â€Å"Stammlager† to a whole new generation of camps (). Above the main gate at Auschwitz-which prisoners passed each day on their way to work- there was a cynical inscription: â€Å"Arbeit macht frei† which means work brings freedom. The living conditions, although they varied to some extent during certain stages in time, were always unbearable. The first trainloads of prisoners slept on straw scattered on concrete floors; later the straw mattresses were introduced (). Two hundred prisoners were housed in a dormitory, which was barley adequate for forty to fifty perso...

Advanced Writing in the Discipline - Communication in Marketing Essay

Advanced Writing in the Discipline - Communication in Marketing - Essay Example The author’s intended audience is conscious creators of information with the mission to communicate a message as effectively as possible. It is thus likely that this person has taken marketing as a profession. This audience must keep up with new trends in the market, especially the ways in which people communicate, so that they may gain knowledge on how to share and spread information to gain maximum exposure and engagement. This will enable them to stay as competitive in their respective industry as possible. For every trend that the author identifies within the article, he ends with a suggestion on what effects need to be taken: â€Å"You must encourage your influencer to develop, share, and spread your story digitally† (Rooseboom 2011). If he did not include such suggestions, then this article could be addressing a much broader audience—anyone who is interested in understanding changes in human behavior over the past few years that have been brought upon by new technologies. The author also clearly identifies the ultimate purpose of the article within the introduction—â€Å"to give†¦the tools, the motivation, and the knowledge to tackle the challenges [of trends in the PR and media landscape] head-on† (Rooseboom 2011). Within the community, this document serves two purposes. First, it informs and addresses the ways in which human behavior has changed, thus identifying different trends in the market, which is clearly illustrated through real-life examples. Second, it serves as a guideline to overcoming these trends. The author addresses the implications of each trend and suggests how to tackling each of them. In terms of the layout, the article is viewer friendly as it is well-structured with short bullet points, contains short paragraphs that just provide enough detail, and it also incorporates visuals and embedded videos, which makes the argument even

What are the major conventions of Revenge Tragedy Discuss how they are Essay

What are the major conventions of Revenge Tragedy Discuss how they are used, combined or altered in Cyril Tourneur's 'The revenger's tragedy' - Essay Example T.S. Eliot recognized the dominance of the Senecan mood in drama during the era of the revenge tragedy when he suggested, â€Å"No author exercised a wider or deeper influence upon the Elizabethan mind or upon the Elizabethan form of tragedy than did Seneca† (Arkins 2). Any analysis of the revenge play genre centers on two particular plays, which both typify and transcend the revenge play genre Thomas Kyd’s The Spanish Tragedy and ur-Hamlet. The blueprint of the revenge tragedy is laid out and executed here to brilliant and devastating effect, an effect which indeed defined the notion of how revenge was to be played out on stage. There is of course significant disagreement to how the concept of revenge was interpreted via Elizabethan mores, whether the multitude of avengers in the various stage dramas put on during the end of the 16th and beginning of the 17th centuries represented immoral exemplars, examples of Anglo-Saxon barbarianism combined with un-Christian Senecan ethic (Broude 39), or perhaps something more noble like retribution in the mode of divine justice. Regardless, the ethical valence in the standard form of the revenge tragedy was generally unambiguous and robustly on the side of revenge and its attendant carnage. As as interesting caveat to this, Shakespeare’s Hamlet often seen as a response to the non-extant ur-Hamlet offers a level of ambiguity that does not so much negate the vengeful mood of the play but nuances it in such a way that makes Hamlet the singularly important and influential play it is today. A purer example of the revenge tragedy is perhaps Cyril Tourneur’s The Revenger’s Tragedy. Though as we will show, while it is most obviously ruled by many of the conventions of the revenge tragedy and is clearly meant to fall within it as an artful example of the genre, it does not adopt all of its conventions carte blanche. In order to make sense of this it will

Creating a Business Opportunity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Creating a Business Opportunity - Essay Example PVC market has been growing at a high rate in India because of its significant demand from the industry. The capacity of PVC growth has been gradually increasing by 10 percent compared to the world average production of 4 percent. The global PVC production and the consumption pattern has been growing and been compared with the world average. As per the statistical data of Chemical Marketing Associates Inc. (CMAI) the PVC demand had been 2.08 million tones and the capacity production was estimated around 34.8 million tons. The global demand of PVC production rose from 1.63 million tons to 3.1 million per tones. The demand for PVC production has been mainly for the manufacturing, glazing of the windowpanes and the doors. PVC chemical is required for the thermal production and its durability purposes (Butow & Taylor, 2009).Business Opportunity FeasibilityThe manufacturing of windowpanes is required to exhibit durability of the windowpanes and doors. The popularity of the windowpanes has been growing at increase rate in the metropolitan areas. Consumption pattern of PVC chemical has almost doubled three to four times. Demand of PVC products has been increasing at a rate of 10 percent compared to the world statistics of 4 percent. The consumption pattern of PVC chemical has been increasing with a substantial capacity. Additionally, 30 to 250 kt reflects demand and supply of PVC chemical. Heavy investment in manufacturing chemicals in industries is a main factor, which drives PVC production.

Review And History Of CDMA Computer Science Essay

Review And History Of CDMA Computer Science Essay CDMA technology was used many times ago at the time of world war-II by the English soldiers to stop German attempts at jamming transmissions. English soldiers decided to transmit signals over several frequencies, instead of one, making it difficult for the Germans to pick up the complete signal. CDMA has been used in many military applications, such as anti-jamming (because of the spread signal, it is difficult to jam or interfere with a CDMA signal), ranging (measuring the distance of the transmission to know when it will be received), and secure communications (the spread spectrum signal is very hard to detect). In 1949, Claude Shannon and Robert Pierce develop basic ideas of CDMA. In March 1992, the TIA (Telecommunications Industry Association) established the TR-45.5 subcommittee to develop a spread spectrum digital cellular standard. In July of 1993, the TIA gave its approval for the CDMA Technology standard. In September 1998, there were 16 million subscribers on CDMA systems worldwide. Now, 22 countries support CDMA. Verizon, used to be the largest carrier, is now second behind ATT, is using CDMA. Other Famous companies using CDMA are Sprint, Alltel in abroad, Tata indicom and Reliance InfoComm in India. 2. What is CDMA? Generally a fixed amount of frequency spectrum is allocated to a cellular system by the national regulator (e.g. in the United States, the Federal communication commission). Multiple-access techniques are then deployed so that many users can share the available spectrum in an efficient manner. Multiple access systems specify how signals from different sources can be combined efficiently for transmission over a given radio frequency band and then separated at the destination without mutual interference. The three basic multiple access methods currently in use in cellular systems are: A. Frequency division multiple access (FDMA) B. Time division multiple access (TDMA) C. Code division multiple access (CDMA) A. Frequency division multiple access (FDMA) The available bandwidth is splits into non-overlapping frequencies and these disjoint sub bands are dedicated to the different users on a continuous time basis. Channel bands behave as buffer zones to minimize interference between different users. B. Time division multiple access (TDMA) Each user has given the full spectral occupancy to the channel, but only for less time interval. Buffers zones are used as guard times inserted between the assigned time slots. This is done to decrease interference between users by permitting for time uncertainty that arises due to system inadequacies. C. Code division multiple access (CDMA) The main Drawback of FDMA and TDMA is that only one subscriber at a time is assigned to a channel. No other conversation can access this channel until the subscriber s call is finished or until that original call is handed off to a different channel by the system. The above drawback is overcome in this third technique. CDMA systems utilize the spread spectrum technique, whereby a spreading code (called a pseudo-random noise or PN code) is used to allow multiple users to share a block of frequency spectrum. Detailed Description of How CDMA work is explained below. 3. How CDMA works? With CDMA, unique digital codes, rather than separate radio frequencies or channels, are used to distinguish subscribers. The codes are used by both the mobile company and the base station, that codes are called pseudo-Random Code Sequences. CDMA is a spread spectrum technology, which means that it spreads the information contained in a particular signal of interest over a much greater bandwidth than the original signal. CDMA uses Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) technology. In DSSS technology, Signal is transmitted by adding random data-bits called chip. This addition is done by the direct sequence transmitters. Now signal contains both, a useful signal and a signal that appears to be interference (the chips) is transmitted. The receiver easily identifies the chips and subtracts them, leaving only the useful signal. This means that original signal is spread over several frequencies simultaneously. This can deliver secure communication such that the transmitted signal can not be detected or recognized easily by unwanted listeners. It can discard interference whether it is the unintentional interference by another user simultaneously trying to transmit through the channel, or the intentional interference trying to j am the transmission. In TDMA, the original call is transmitted at 9600 bps (9.6 kbps) but when put on the CDMA, the call is spread over a 1.23 Mbps bandwidth, so it can be transmitted at a higher speed. Unique codes are applied to the data bits that make up the telephone call for a particular user. The cellular telephone receiving the call takes off the data codes and the call is converted back to its original 9600 bps. The use of these data codes enables CDMA systems to differentiate data bits from many different calls in the cell. CDMA networks use a scheme called soft handoff, which minimizes signal breakup as a handset passes from one cell to another. The combination of digital and spread-spectrum modes supports several times as many signals per unit bandwidth as analog modes. CDMA is compatible with other cellular technologies, this allows for nationwide roaming. 4. Factors affecting CDMA functionality Although CDMA does not have some capacity limitation, no maximum number of calls per single, wide band-width channel is established. The number of calls that a channel can accommodate is based on 3 factors. A. Total bandwidth B. Geographical coverage C. Quality of sound ? The available bandwidth can be increased by decreasing the quality of sound or the area covered by network. ? Channels that primarily carry voice conversation do not use the extra capacity required to deliver CD-quality sound. So, more bandwidth is available to provide longer transmission distance or to accommodate more cellular calls. ? Suppose there are 2N users that only talk half of the time then they can be accommodated with the same average bandwidth as N users that talk all of the time. 5. Types of CDMA Some of the types of CDMA transmission are as under A. Composite CDMA/TDMA B. CDMA C. cdmaOne D. cdma2000 A. Composite CDMA/TDMA It is Wireless technology that uses both CDMA and TDMA. It is used for large-cell licensed band and small-cell unlicensed band applications. It uses CDMA between cells and TDMA within cells. B. CDMA CDMA is characterized by high capacity and small cell radius, employing spread-spectrum technology and a special coding scheme. C. cdmaOne cdmaOne is the first generation narrowband CDMA. It is also called IS-95. D. Cdma2000 This includes 1XRTT CDMA standard. That is designed to double current voice capacity and support always-on data transmission speeds 10 times faster than typically available today. 6. Advantages of CDMA A. Capacity: The capacity of CDMA currently is 8 to 10 times greater than AMPS which uses FDMA transmission (and predicted to be 20 to 40 times greater in future) and 4 to 5 times greater than GSM which uses TDMA transmission (with prediction of being up to 13 times greater). B. Best for in built system and micro-cell. As in CDMA transmission, we do not need SIM card it is best for in-built system and micro-cell. C. Improves the voice quality. CDMA systems use precise power control that is, the base station sends commands to every mobile phone currently involved in a call, turning down the power on the nearby ones, and increasing the power of those further away. The result is a nice; even noise level across the carrier, with lower overall power levels and no spiky interference. D. Improves the telephone traffic capacity. E. It also provides Call privacy. F. Easily planned and maintained in comparison with FDMA TDMA 7. Disadvantage of CDMA The only disadvantage of installing CDMA system is the cost of the base station with its complex communication equipments. A CDMA base station costs approximately $150,000, while a similar station for TDMA costs approximately $50,000. 8. Referenced Books A. Business Data Communication Fourth edition By Shelly Cashman Serwatka B. COMPUTER NETWORKS, 3rd Edition By Andrew S. Tanenbaum 9. Referenced websites A. www.scsite.com B. www.wikipedia.com C. www.wisegeek.com D. www.palowireless.com E. www.indiastudychannel.com

Hamlet as Antihero in Shakespeares Hamlet :: GCSE Coursework Shakespeare Hamlet

Hamlet as Antihero      Ã‚  Ã‚  By literary definition, an antihero is the "hero" of the play or novel, but has negative attributes that separate him or her from the classic hero such as Superman. Such negative aspects may include a violent nature, use of coarse language, or self-serving interests which may inadvertently depict the protagonist as a hero since the result of serving those interests may be the betterment of society or an environment. In William Shakespeare's Hamlet, the protagonist, Hamlet, is depicted as an antihero.    One factor contributing to Hamlet’s status as antihero is that he draws sympathy, as well as admiration, from the reader since Hamlet feels the pain of losing his father along with the burden and obstacles in avenging his murder.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Act four places a special emphasis on Hamlet's intelligence. In scene two, Hamlet is very insolent and rude towards Rosencrantz and Guildenstern with such phrases as,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "That I can keep your counsel and not, mine own. Beside, to be demanded of a sponge, what replication should be made by the son of a king" (IV, ii, 12-14)? The reference to the sponge reflects the fact that Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are easily ordered by the king and do not have minds of their own. Hamlet does not like Rosencrantz and Guildenstern since they are servants of the Claudius, Hamlet's mortal enemy. The reader does not like Rosencrantz and Guildenstern either which causes the reader to side with Hamlet.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another incident of Hamlet's high intelligence is shown when he Hamlet tells Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, "I am glad of it: a knavish sleeps in a foolish ear" (IV, i, 24-25).   This statement leaves Rosencrantz and Guildenstern more or less confused.    Hamlet is clearly more clever than the two of them combined and is able to toy with them. Hamlet has an excellent command of the language and because of it, can use words to the point that those around him will not understand and may label him as crazy.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hamlet shows another example of his cleverness, this time towards Claudius, when he says, "I see a cherub that sees them. But, come; for England! Farewell, dear mother" (IV, iii, 49-50). The cherub, or the angel, gives Hamlet a sense of superiority over Claudius. Having an angel at one's side would be a definite sign of power, which is exactly what Hamlet tries to maintain over Claudius in their constant power struggle.

Driving Teachers Crazy Essay

Teaching is not just earning a buck, it’s a snap. At the beginning of a new school year with high school sophomores, Mr. Finn is working at his desk wondering what the first period is going to be like. While waiting for the bell to ring, most students stand in clusters talking quietly but a few the knock- upstairs are rather loud and boisterous around the room causing a commotion with every group they pass. Not wanting to be overly negative on the first day, Mr. Finn says nothing. By the time the bell rings most of the class has become loud and boisterous. Although, teaching is a snap. Some students make it rather difficulty. When he realizes that his class is going to be immature, he will need to learn self-discipline. He remembers the classroom management suggestion he learned in college. â€Å"Don’t simile until Christmas and be tough on the first day†. Therefore, he commands everyone to sit and get the class started. From the time of role call to the time Mr. Finn is passing out textbooks, and then thought the introductory lesson, several students are loud and sometimes obnoxious, others to the other side of the room are murmuring, swearing and don’t forget the corners someone is snoring. He tells the students to be quieter, but they don’t listen. By the end of the first period he wonders whether his going into teaching might have been a mistake. He wanted to teach and help young learn, but certainly lost he thinks, when you spend your whole day disciplining students rather than teaching them. As routine as it may sound, this is the experience that I go through everyday. Having twenty students a day that are as loud as action is never pleasant. By the time I get home I head to the fridge to get chocolate ice cream not just because I need it, but also because want it. Noise distracts other slow learners as well as teachers. It maybe that this student needs to be noticed and recognized. I have a friend who always shouts to be noticed, being loud seem to enhance her personality, and sometimes to appear tough. It is so irritating when you are reading and  someone shouts loudly keeping you off track. This student need to encouraged repeatedly, she requires redirection and always told to demonstrate mature behavior. Secondly, name-calling is also a common occurrence and very nefarious. It bothers me when a student calls someone a name just to be noticed or for attention. Although there are key problems that lead to this behavior there are key issues behind the scenes. One key major aspect is sexuality, a student may feel that he/she is an outcast or cannot make friends. He/she attracts attention from peers through name-calling. Some classmates are also amused by this behavior – as long as it’s directed toward someone else. Sometimes, a student may have a need for food and drink, and may be covering this need by name-calling. A teacher has to recognize why the student is presenting this behavior in order to be of help. There are things that can be done by the student. A close relationship with someone may reduce this student’s need to call others names. Another irritating behavior is making fun of other’s weakness. People need to belong and respected no matter what their weakness, if this is taken advantage of they might be hurt or discouraged. Last year, I had a friend in my health class, he had a domestic problem and that his parents were divorced. Now that he lived with his mother who couldn’t support him in any way, he thought he could the world it all belonged to him. This friend of mine was real dumb and ill tempered, even though you greeted he thought that he was being insulted. He also had problem with English since his home language is â€Å"French† sometimes he would pronounce words with an accent for example â€Å"wit† instead of â€Å"with†, other students thought that this was weird or even fun and they always made fun of him they even nick-named him â€Å"wit†. As time went by, he suddenly stopped talking. Early in the morning he could sit by the corner and sleep. There are students like my friend who have different weaknesses, it doesn’t mean that they are different although they seem that way. A teacher can help these kids by getting a translator or after school tutoring. A teacher may all own the class to establish rules regarding this behavior. Our goal is to make † making fun of other’s weaknesses† socially unacceptable. School time dozing is another major problem in history of the classroom. In the middle of a discussion, a teacher unexpectedly stops speaking. Everyone stops speaking, nothing is heard except a faint sound from somewhere in the corner. Noise that sound like†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.snoring? Suddenly with a loud thwack! The teacher claps a book shut and the snoring culprit is jarred from his sleep, lifting his head up with blear- eyes all ashamed! You would think times have changed. Falling to sleep among today’s teenagers is a common occurrence. Why do the sleep in class? An obvious reason is lack of sleep. IT bugs me when someone is snoring and I am studying or typing. I remember last yeast in my keyboarding class a boy who sat adjacent to me. He slept and snored real loud, that the ceiling could tremble. I could hardly contrite and since this was a keyboarding class that never cared much the rule was â€Å"Do all you can but turn in work on time†. The only possible cure to school time dozing is personating time for activities as well as schoolwork. I conclusion, being a teacher can be tiresome. No matter how routine the day, still teachers get away with it. Teaching is supposed to be a snap as you lock the door, driving by the countryside sing † I t was horrible, but I managed†. Although you spend all day disciplining instead of teaching them.

Fiber Optic History essays

Fiber Optic History essays Our current age of technology is the result of many brilliant inventions and discovers, but it is our ability to transmit information and the media we use to do it, it that is perhaps most responsible for its evolution. Progressing from the copper wire of a century ago to todays fiber optic cable, our increasing ability to transmit more quickly and over longer distances has expanded the boundaries of our technological development in all areas. Toadys low-loss glass fiber optic cables offer almost unlimited bandwidth and unique advantages over all previous developed transmission media. The basic point-to-point fiber optic transmission system consists of three basic elements: the fiber optic cable and the optical receiver and the fiber optic cable. Optical communications date back two centuries to the opical telegraph that French engineer Claude Chappe invented the 1790s. His system was a series of semaphores mounted on towers, where humans operators relay messages from one tower to the other. It beat hand carried messages hands down, but by the mid-19th century was replaced by the electric telegraph, leaving a scattering of Telegraph Hills as it almost visible legacy. In the intervening years a new technology slowly took root that would untimely solve the problem of optical transmission, although it was a long time before it was adapted for communications. It depended on the phenomenon of total internal reflections, which can confine light in material surrounding by other materials with lower refractive index, such as glass in the air. In the mid 1840s, Swiss physicist Daniel Collodon and French physicist Jacques Babinet showed that light could be guided along jet of water for fountain display. British physicist John Tyndall popularized light guiding in a demonstration he first used in 1854, guiding light in a jet of water flowing from a tank. By the turn of the century, inventors realized that bent...

Typical Course of Study - 7th Grade

Typical Course of Study - 7th Grade By the time they are in 7th grade, most students should be reasonably self-motivated, independent learners. They should have a good time-management framework in place, though they will likely still need guidance, and parents should remain actively involved as a source of accountability. Seventh-graders will move onto more complex reading, writing, and math skills and a more in-depth study of previously-learned concepts alongside the introduction of new skills and topics.   Language Arts A typical course of study for 7th-grade language arts includes literature, composition, grammar, and vocabulary building. In 7th-grade, students are expected to analyze text and infer its message, citing the text to support their analysis. They will compare different versions of a document, such as a book and its film  version  or a historical  fiction book with a historical account of the same event or time period. When comparing a book to its movie version, students will learn to notice how elements such as lighting, scenery, or musical score affect the message of the text. When reading text that supports an opinion, students should be able to state whether the author supported his claim with solid evidence and reasons. They should also compare and contrast the texts of other authors presenting the same or similar assertions. Writing should include more in-depth research papers that cite multiple sources. Students are expected to understand how to quote and cite sources and build a bibliography. They are also expected to write well-researched and fact-supported arguments in a clear and logical format. Seventh-grade students should also demonstrate clear, grammatically-correct writing across all subjects, such as science and history. Grammar topics should ensure that students know how to correctly punctuate quoted text and use apostrophes, colons, and semicolons. Math   A typical course of study for 7th-grade math  includes numbers, measurements, geography, algebra, and probability. Typical topics include exponents and scientific notation; prime numbers; factoring; combining like terms; substituting values for variables; simplification of algebraic expressions; and calculating rate, distance, time, and mass. Geometric topics include the classification of angles and triangles; finding the unknown measurement of a triangles side; finding the volume of prisms and cylinders; and determining the slope of a line.   Students will also learn to use a variety of graphs to represent data and to interpret those graphs, and they will learn to compute odds. Students will be introduced to mean, median, and mode.   Science In seventh grade, students will continue to explore general life, earth, and physical science topics using the scientific method.   Although there isnt a specific recommended course of study of 7th-grade science, common life science topics include scientific classification; cells and cell structure; heredity and genetics; and human organ systems and their function. Earth science typically includes the effects of  weather  and climate; properties and uses of water; atmosphere; air pressure;  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹rocks, soil, and minerals; eclipses; phases of the moon; tides; and conservation; ecology and environment. Physical science includes  Newtons laws of motion; the structure of atoms and molecules; heat and energy; the Periodic Table; the chemical and physical changes of matter; elements and compounds; mixtures and solutions; and the properties of waves. Social Studies Seventh-grade social studies topics can vary greatly. As with science, there is no specific recommended course of study. For homeschooling families, the topics covered are usually influenced by their curriculum, homeschooling styles, or personal interests. World history topics may include the Middle Ages; the Renaissance; the Roman Empire; European revolutions; or World War I and World War II.   Students studying American history may cover the Industrial Revolution; the Scientific Revolution; the early 20th century including the 1920s, 1930s, and the Great Depression; and Civil Rights leaders.   Geography may include a detailed study of various regions or cultures, including the history, foods, customs; and religion of the area.  It may also focus on the geographic influences on significant historical events. Art There is no recommended course of study for seventh-grade art. However, students should be encouraged to explore the world of art to discover their interests.   Some ideas include learning to play a musical instrument; acting in a play; creating visual art such as drawing, painting, animation, pottery, or photography; or creating textile art such as fashion design, knitting, or sewing. Technology Seventh-grade students should use technology as part of their studies across the curriculum. They should be competent in their keyboarding skills and have a good understanding of online safety guidelines and copyright laws. In addition to using standard text and spreadsheet applications, students should learn to use tools for collecting data and conducting polls or surveys.  Ã‚   They may also want to publish or share their work using formats such as blogs or video-sharing sites.

Original media coverage of various events in U.S. history, period of Assignment

Original media coverage of various events in U.S. history, period of 1920s - Assignment Example On the other hand, the mass development and distribution of most of these mass mediums occurred in USA. The advertisements between 1841 and 1929 rose as a result of the expansion of America to Atlantic Ocean, which was among key factors that lead to the development of the industry. This is because of the campaign for products from east, which called for awareness in the western (John 2000). In the early 1920s, most cities in USA had newspapers, which were the primary medium of advertisements. Publishers’ main target was local businessmen. The construction of the transcontinental highway provided venues of advertisements hence building the media industries. The ideal case that was in all media companies is the advertisements for eastern products. V.B Palmer is the founder of the mass media company that enhanced the advertisements. His firm first ventured in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was the greatest distributor of newspaper within and outside the city. Palmer’s venture grew leading him to opening other branches in New York, Boston, and Baltimore. The success of the company was as a result of using ideas from the oldest media agency by J. Walter, in 1861 (History of American Journalism 2012). In 1921, the company was capable of distributing over 12,000 newspapers. This lead to multi-city and multi-state, as information flowed freely within its reach. It also facilitated the growth of other industries, leading to advertisement regulations. This was the first company to offer clients with planning services; this lead to planned advertisements. Different companies grew during the period. Magazines were not that common because their invention took place towards the end of the 19th century. These advancements also lead to the development of copyright laws; this was essential to protect ones knowledge from competitors. The radio facilitated the broadcast of sports such Boston

Tiny Little Pieces Fiction pretending to be non-firction Essay

Tiny Little Pieces Fiction pretending to be non-firction - Essay Example Another thing that should be noted is the ability of writers to think about things that could likely take place in some years to come and compile these as works of fiction. Some writers even produce science fictions that are futuristic in nature and while some of these are not happening at the moment, they could be closely related to reality in years to come. These set of science fiction writers produce works based on the scientific developments on ground and try to use their works of fiction to predict what could likely take place in the nearest future. Thus, the closeness of fiction to reality is largely dependent on the writers’ imaginative strength and their ability to think outside the box. It is really very difficult to decide whether or not to call works of literature non-fiction when they are closely related to reality. As explained above, works of fiction are borne out of the imaginative power of the writer and they are works that describe make-believe people and even ts. Non-fictional works are writings that contain facts about the events that take place in reality and are not primarily based on the imaginative ability of the writer. According to Marcus, the differences between non-fictional and fictional narratives are illogical, because â€Å"fact or reality shares the same form as fiction or narrative† (244). There are actually some works of fiction that the fictional elements are used as symbols to represent the events that take place in reality and this means that these so called, ‘works of fiction’ have some elements of reality embedded in them. Though, the people and the events in these works of fiction could be closely related to the ones in reality, this does not necessarily mean that they could be called non-fictional works. As long as these works have some elements of imagination in them and the writers have not claimed that they are based on reality, they should still be termed as works of fiction. Hence, works of literature should not be called non-fiction, even though there are some elements of reality in these messages of fiction. There are some liberty authors that have tried to convert works of fiction into non-fiction and one of them is James Frey in his Million Little Pieces work. Several critics condemned James Frey for converting a fictional work into non-fiction in his Million Little Pieces. Though, Frey has claimed that he did this in order to present a compelling account of the things that he saw around him, but the fact that Frey made it look like he was the one that experienced the things that were presented in his book leaves little to be desired. It is clear that Frey did these in order to arouse the emotions of the readers, but this is actually against the ethics of writing. Frey’s inability or refusal to acknowledge the real source represents another dimension of plagiarism, which is an abuse against writing ethics. It was even after the book had received wide acclai m that it was discovered that Frey invented the major events in the book and he never really experienced them. The fact that Frey tried to convert a work of fiction into n