The 5 Smallest States in the U.S.

The United States is made up of 50 individual states that vary greatly in size. When talking about land area, Rhode Island ranks as the smallest. Yet, when we discuss population, Wyoming—the 10th largest state by area—comes in with the smallest population. The 5 Smallest States by Land Area If youre familiar with U.S. geography, you might be able to guess which are the smallest states in the country. Notice that four of the five smallest states are along the eastern coast where the states seem to be crammed into a very small area.   1) Rhode Island—1,034 square miles (2,678 square kilometers) Rhode Island is only 48 miles in length and 37 miles wide  (77  x 59 kilometers).Rhode Island has over 384 miles (618 kilometers) of coastline.The highest point is Jerimoth Hill in Foster at 812 feet (247.5 meters). 2) Delaware—1,949  square miles (5,047  square kilometers) Delaware is 96 miles (154 kilometers) in length. At its thinnest point, it is only 9 miles (14 kilometers) wide.Delaware has 117 miles of coastline.The highest point is Ebright Azimuth at 447.85 feet (136.5 meters). 3) Connecticut—4,842 square miles (12,542 square kilometers) Connecticut is only 110 miles long and 70 miles wide  (177  x 112 kilometers).Connecticut has 618 miles (994.5  kilometers)  of shoreline.The highest point is the southern slope of  Mt. Frissell at 2,380 feet (725 meters). 4) Hawaii—6,423  square miles (16,635 square kilometers) Hawaii is a chain of 132 islands, eight of which are considered principal islands. These include Hawaii (4028 square  miles), Maui (727 square  miles), Oahu (597 square  miles), Kauai (562 square miles), Molokai (260 square  miles), Lanai (140 square miles), Niihau (69 square  miles), and Kahoolawe (45 square  miles).Hawaii has 750 miles of coastline.The highest point is Mauna Kea at  13,796 feet (4,205 meters). 5) New Jersey—7,354 square miles (19,047 square kilometers) New Jersey  is only 170  miles long and 70 miles wide (273 x 112 kilometers).New Jersey has 1,792 miles (2884  kilometers)  of shoreline.The highest point is High Point at 1,803 feet (549.5 meters). The 5 Smallest States by Population When we turn to look at the population, we get an entirely different perspective of  the country. With the exception of Vermont, the states with the lowest population are among the largest by land area and theyre all in the western half of the country. A low population with a large amount of land means a very low population density (or people per square mile). 1) Wyoming—579,315 people Ranks as the 10th largest in land area -  97,093 square miles (251,470 square kilometers)Population density: 5.8 people per square mile 2) Vermont—623,657  people Ranks as the  45th  largest in land area -  9,217  square miles (23,872 square kilometers)Population density: 67.9 people per square mile 3) North Dakota—755,393   Ranks as the  19th  largest in land area—69,000  square miles (178,709 square kilometers)Population density: 9.7 people per square mile 4) Alaska—739,795   Ranks as the largest state in  land area—570,641  square miles (1,477,953 square kilometers)Population density: 1.2  people per square mile 5) South Dakota—869,666 Ranks as the  17th  largest in  land area—75,811 square miles (196,349 square kilometersPopulation density: 10.7  people per square mile (Population counts according to the July 2017 census estimates.) Source US Census Bureau. â€Å"Census.gov.†Ã‚  Census Bureau QuickFacts,

The No Child Left Behind Act Of 2001 ( Nclb ) - 1007 Words

Perhaps the most controversial law enacted by President George W. Bush is the No Child Left behind Act of 2001 (NCLB). This is a landmark educational reform designed to improve student achievement and drastically change the culture of American’s schools. In fact, President Bush describes the law as the â€Å"cornerstone of his administration.† Because children are our future, President Bush wanted to ensure our neediest children were not left behind. This paper will discuss pros, cons, and impact on students, teachers, and parents of NCLB. www.ed.gov In this passage of No Child Left Behind, Congress reauthorized the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), the principal federal law affecting education from kindergarten through high school. In amending ESEA, the new law represents a sweeping overhaul of federal efforts to support elementary and secondary education in the United States. This new law focuses on policy and distribution of funds to public schools. Most federal funds under NCLB are distributed to school districts whose populations that are representative of lower economic levels and culturally diverse populations, which consists of African Americans, Native Americans, Asians, and Latinos. Proponents of the No Child Left Behind Act claim that its mission is to diminishing the achievement gap by holding school districts and states accountable, encouraging the use of more flexible educational approaches, and supporting parent’s rights to school choiceShow MoreRelatedThe No Child Left Behind Act Of 2001 ( Nclb )1227 Words   |  5 PagesThe No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB) is a United States Act of Congress that is a reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, which included Title I, the government s flagship aid program for disadvantaged students. No Child Left behind was enacted with the intent to become a government aid program for disadvantaged students, and eventually raise the general education standards for the United States. This act was created with the idea to â€Å"close the achievement gap withRead MoreThe No Child Left Behind ( Nclb ) Act Of 2001 Essay1773 Words   |  8 PagesThis trend reached its climax with the implementation of the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act of 2001. Over a decade has passed since the full implementation of this landmark legislation and many involved in education and pondering the true success of the program. Has the NCLB agenda improved the quality of learning in America or created a culture of failure that is hindering the efforts of educators? The primary goal of NCLB was to create a unified set of standards that would provide an equalRead MoreEffectiveness Of The No Child Left Behind Act Of 2001 ( Nclb )1613 Words   |  7 PagesThis study will focus on the effectiveness of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB). The NCLB Act of 2001 was a reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (ESEA) (www.newamerica.org). The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 was a Great Society program that allocated federal funds for education and looked to hold schools accountable (www2.ed.gov). The NCLB Act of 2001 was passed through Congress in 2001 with bipartisan support and greatly increased the FederalRead MoreNo Child Left Behind Act Of 2001 ( Nclb ) And It Mandates882 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction What is No Child Left behind? This author discusses the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001(NCLB) and it mandates that every student in K-12 public schools will reach basic proficiency in math and reading by 2014. The goals of the accountability component of NCLB place emphasis on closing the achievement gap for all public school students, regardless of their socioeconomic status, ethnicity, or disabilities. The Federal Government mandates annual testing of all students in grades threeRead MoreHas the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 Been Successful?959 Words   |  4 PagesIn every school in the United States has students that fall behind in classes or don’t get proper education for them to be taught effectively. The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 was created to push students of all grade levels to keep up in their classes, homework and grades so they could become an idol citizen to society. Even though this act is supposed to keep students on the same page as others, research shows that isn’t th e case; that students Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) test scores areRead MoreHigh School and Act1525 Words   |  7 PagesNo Child Left Behind Act of 2001 The No Child Left Behind Act is designed to raise the achievement levels of subgroups of students such as African Americans, Latinos, low-income students, and special education students to a state-determined level of proficiency. However, since its introduction in 2001, it has received a lot of criticism. Some argue the ulterior motives of the Act while others commend its innovation and timing. With the Bush administration coming to an end, it is difficultRead MoreThe No Child Left Behind Act1670 Words   |  7 PagesStudent Succeeds Act Suzanne Hatton, BSW, LSW University of Kentucky-SW 630 Abstract This literature review seeks to explore the Every Student Succeeds Act (2015), a bipartisan reauthorization and revision to the No Child Left Behind Act (2002). The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) is the first law passed in fourteen years to address Reneeded changes to the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB). Considered progressive and innovative at the time of its passage, NCLB was the most dramaticRead MoreEssay on The No Child Left Behind Act1440 Words   |  6 PagesInitiated in 2002, the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) of 2001 intended to prevent the academic failures of educational institutions and individual students, as well as bridge achievement gaps between students. This act supports the basic standards of education reform across America; desiring to improve the learning outcomes of America’s youth. No Child Left Behind has left many to criticize the outcomes of the Act itself. Questions have risen concerning the effectiveness of NCLB, as well as the implicationsR ead MoreEducation Is A Central Need Of All People Around Over The World1543 Words   |  7 Pageswe will find some development projects. However, some of these succeed while others failed in achieving their goals. â€Å"The federal government instituted a number of other reforms, including a reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (ESEA), to little or no avail† (Ginsburg Jill, 2013). Furthermore, policymakers do not take a rest from struggles to develop the education system. They continue to argument and make main education reforms such as new academic standards, newRead MoreEducation Is A Central Need Of All People Around Over The World1543 Words   |  7 Pageswe will find some development projects. However, some of these succeed while others failed in achieving their goals. â€Å"The federal government instituted a number of other reforms, including a reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (ESEA), to little o r no avail† (Ginsburg Jill, 2013). Furthermore, policymakers do not take a rest from struggles to develop the education system. They continue to argument and make main education reforms such as new academic standards, new

Jeff Bezos Essay Example For Students

Jeff Bezos Essay Jeff Bezos, the founder of Amazon.com, was born in Albuquerque, New Mexico in 1964. His mother, Jackie, was in her teens when he was born and she was only married to his biological father for about a year. She married Mike Bezos when Jeff was four. Mike was a Cuban who escaped to the United States when he was fifteen. He put himself through college in New Mexico and eventually became an engineer at Exxon. Jeff attended Miami Palmetto high school and was valedictorian of his class. He went to Princeton and planned to study physics. He believed, however, that other physics students were much smarter than him. Therefore, he studied electrical engineering and computer science. He graduated summa cum laude in 1986 with a GPA of 4.3 on a 4.0 scale. After he graduated from Princeton, Jeff joined a high-tech startup in New York called FITEL, which was building a network to facilitate international trade. After two years at FITEL, he joined Bankers Trust Company. At Bankers Trust, he setup computer systems that managed $250 billion in assets and eventually became the companys youngest vice president. In 1990, he joined D.E. Shaw and Company. He helped the company build the most technically advanced hedge funds on Wall Street. He eventually went from being a computer expert to a money manager, and became the companys youngest vice president. In 1994, Jeff read a statistic that said the Internet was growing at a rate of 2300% per year. He decided to leave D.E. Shaw and Company to form Amazon.com, which he named after the seemingly endless South American River. He and his wife, MacKenzie, drove to Seattle to be close to a book wholesaler called Ingram. MacKenzie drove the car while Jeff typed the business plan for the company. Jeff had already spent several months planning Amazon.com while he was at D.E. Shaw. He had traveled multiple times to California to meet with Shel Kaphan, a programmer who was the first employee at Amazon.com, and other programmers. Jeff, Shel, and a contractor named Paul Barton-Davis built the prototype for Amazon.com in Jeffs garage in Seattle. The garage was heated by an oven in the middle of the room. There were extension cords everywhere. Jeff built desks made from doors that he purchased at Home Depot for sixty dollars each. In fact, all of the desks at the current Amazon.com are made of doors. Jeff, Shel, and Paul spent a year developing database programs and creating the website. Jeff needed to raise a million dollars to finance the company. He met with over 60 people over several months. He eventually raised the money through twenty-two angel investors, whom consisted of family, friends, and former colleagues. When the site was finished, Jeff asked 300 friends and acquaintances to test it. On July 16, 1995, Amazon.com went live to the world and Jeff told the testers to spread the word that it was open. Within 30 days, the company had sold books to all fifty states and forty-five foreign counties. By September, the site had sales of $20,000 a week. Shortly after the launch, they added new features to the site, such as one-click shopping, customer reviews, and e-mail order verification. Jeff has a unique management style. He invokes loyalty from his employees and most of them see him as a colleague. He has a distinctive, loud laugh that he uses to charm and disarm people. He often refers to himself as a computer nerd and jokes about his lack of social skills. He created the concept that a team should only consist of enough people to eat two pizzas, which he calls two-pizza teams. He is known as a fun person to work with, but his employees and investors know that he is serious about his company. The main focus of Jeffs corporate strategy is customer service. Instead of focusing on the competition, he focuses on how he can improve his customers experience. Jeff believes that if a company is watching its competitors, it is unlikely to be creative. He does, however, say that the company watches its competitors innovations and will often test these innovations on Amazon.com. .u7e1c6858574bcc68dc6db5638be8b356 , .u7e1c6858574bcc68dc6db5638be8b356 .postImageUrl , .u7e1c6858574bcc68dc6db5638be8b356 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7e1c6858574bcc68dc6db5638be8b356 , .u7e1c6858574bcc68dc6db5638be8b356:hover , .u7e1c6858574bcc68dc6db5638be8b356:visited , .u7e1c6858574bcc68dc6db5638be8b356:active { border:0!important; } .u7e1c6858574bcc68dc6db5638be8b356 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7e1c6858574bcc68dc6db5638be8b356 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7e1c6858574bcc68dc6db5638be8b356:active , .u7e1c6858574bcc68dc6db5638be8b356:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7e1c6858574bcc68dc6db5638be8b356 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7e1c6858574bcc68dc6db5638be8b356 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7e1c6858574bcc68dc6db5638be8b356 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7e1c6858574bcc68dc6db5638be8b356 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7e1c6858574bcc68dc6db5638be8b356:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7e1c6858574bcc68dc6db5638be8b356 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7e1c6858574bcc68dc6db5638be8b356 .u7e1c6858574bcc68dc6db5638be8b356-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7e1c6858574bcc68dc6db5638be8b356:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Othello And Hamlet Themes EssayAnother focus of Jeffs corporate strategy is to always provide lower prices. Many people consider Amazon.com to be the online version of Wal-Mart. It constant provides prices that are lower than its online and offline competitors. It provides free shipping with orders that are twenty-five dollars or more. Its warehouses are located in areas that enable its customers to avoid sales tax. For example, the warehouse that the company uses to serve its East Coast customers is located in Delaware, which does not have sales tax. Jeff believes in constantly running experiments to improve Amazon.com. The company will show half of its customers one thing and half another, and quickly get some results back on how people actually behave. The company actually upset some of its customers when they found out it was using dynamic pricing on its DVDs; some customers would see one price and others would see another price. It would be much more difficult, if not impossible, to run experiments like this if it was a physical store. Jeff, however, realized from the beginning that Amazon.com could not be entirely based online. Amazon.com owns its own warehouses of products, so it can control the quality of the customer experience. It is able to ship a multitude of products to its customers in a single shipment. It is able to verify that products are not damaged, which is something that a distributor or wholesaler might not check as thoroughly. Jeff has achieved an extremely high degree of success in his current position. He formed and manages the largest online retailer. He defined the way many companies do business on the Internet. Hes done all of this and hes only forty years old. He is currently worth about five billion dollars.

Capital Aasset Pricing Model and Techniques

Question: Discuss about the Capital Aasset Pricing Model and Techniques. Answer: Introduction: Before understanding the relationship of sensitivity analysis to capital budgeting it is very important to understand the concept of capital budgeting and sensitivity analysis. Capital budgeting is a procedure which helps the businesses to take decisions with regards investing into a project or not. Basically it helps to determine the investment that an entity has to make in a particular project and the expected revenue and income that the project will generate in future for the entity. Sensitivity analysis is nothing but a method which helps to analyse the same in detail so that a more sound decision can be taken with regards the same. Sensitivity analysis helps the organization to gauge into various scenarios and circumstances with regards the project in case the estimates and circumstances do not fall into place and become undependable. It is basically changing the assumptions and applying a hit and trial method to the calculations basis the changed assumptions so as to find out the expected result out of such a change. Thus in this manner the decision makers can give a second thought before investing in their money (Koening, 2015). They can come to know what losses they may have to suffer by investing in any project basis this assumptions and estimate. The said analysis highlights upon the modification in the input that would affect the net result from any project. Change is constant and hence variations will happen to the base suppositions and it is this alteration which the sensitivity analysis details about. It helps to find out the most favourable levels of inputs in a project. Therefore this is a statistical analysis of the data basis changes in the numbers such as quantity and prices. Thus sensitivity analysis details about finding the extent to which changes can be made to the input factors so that the ultimate result remains unchanged. Thus sensitivity analysis helps in capital budgeting because of the following reasons: Helps in taking a more sound decision and thus testing the results in a more detailed manner. Helps to detect errors and thus try to mitigate the same Helps to develop the model more accurately by detecting errors and trying to find solution to mitigate those errors. Develop a will knitted linkage between the input and the output variables. Therefore it is understood that the main purpose of this analysis is not assess risk but to make certain the receptiveness of the NPVs to the various variables which help to calculate it. The same is because NPV is calculated basis assumptions which is why the scenario in which capital budgeting decisions are taken is uncertain (Zhamoida, Matsiuk, 2011). It is the most acceptable method of analysis of various changes one by one in the variables and the assumptions being made which would in turn have a bearing on the cash flow and the return from a project. Concept of Scenario Analysis in relation to Capital Budgeting Techniques As the name suggest, scenario analysis helps in taking capital budgeting decisions and techniques by taking into account unconventional possible results. The analysis is conducted in a fashion which would help to find out the net result due to an action or activity under various other set of factors such as how an NPV of a project would differ if the inflation shoots up or down. However it is equally important to know that scenario should be such which can exist in actual sense and not fictional in nature. Generally three kinds of scenarios are considered good, base and worst for computing the NPVs of a project (Boundless.com., 2012). It is an analytical tool unlike the sensitivity analysis which uses statistical tool. After the NPVs are computed then a probability of occurrence of such a scenario is allotted to ease situation and then the expected NPV and standard deviation of the NPV is calculated. This is known as coefficient variation and a CV of 1 is considered to be ideal. However on comparing the two CV basis the scenario then the one with a lower CV is considered to be more preferable than the one with a higher CV. Thus it can be said that scenario analysis although is also a behavioural approach similar to sensitivity analysis yet the former defines the capital budgeting techniques more broadly. It takes into consideration various variables together such as cash inflows, outflows and cost associated with capital invested. For example an entity should take into consideration both high and low inflationary factors and compute the implication of the same on the projects Net present value. Each situation will affect all the above mentioned variables at the same time thus resulting into differing levels of NPV. Thus giving the decision makers a more detailed method of analysing the capital budgeting techniques used by organizations before investing into a project. Furthermore scenario analysis used in various capital budgeting techniques helps to give a summary about the risk associated with the various assets wherein the assets with higher risk will have more volatile values and vice versa. Scenario analysis entails how much economic sense does it make in investing into any project for an organization. Further by doing the analysis taking into consideration the worst scenario as well, one can take proactive measures to try to reduce the risks associated with the worst scenario (Kengatharan, 2016). Thus on a summarizing note one can say that scenario analysis helps in detailing investments during situations which are even unfavourable in nature. It helps to find solutions during worst cases also thus trying to consider investment in various projects minutely. Definition of the Capital Asset Pricing Model: The said model is built on the Markowitzs mean-variance-efficiency model where the patrons who are reluctant towards taking risk on investments are concerned only about the returns and the profits they expect from their investment and the difference of returns and risk. Thus the said model defines the linkage between the return and risk associated with an asset. It enables determination of the appropriate required rate of return of an asset but only in theory. It helps to take calls about addition of assets or more investment securities to an already diversified portfolio (Fama French, 2004). The graphical representation of the formulae of CAPM is known as the security market line. Definition of Capital Market line: The Capital Market Line is plotted on the capital asset pricing model which helps to illustrate the rate of return that could be expected to receive from a well built portfolio but depending upon the level of risk associated with the portfolio of the entire market and the risk free rate of return. It is a digression from the point of interception found on the efficient frontier stretched towards the return expected from an investment which is equivalent to the risk free rate of return. There lie a number of differences between the two mentioned terms. Similarities also exist but the same is very few in comparison to the differences. The similarities between a CAPM and CML would be discussed in the form of a relationship that exists between the Capital market line and the Security market line which is a graphical representation of the CAPM. The SML is considered to be an integral part of the CML in a Capital Asset Pricing Model specifically when the risk attached to a security or an investment is computed. Their relationship depicts the similarity as one shows the risk associated with individual securities whereas the other considers these individual securities and forms the entire portfolio. Thus performance of a single security will impact the performance of the portfolio as well. Therefore we can say that both these help to depict the association of risk with various investment securities as well as portfolio as a whole. Thus the similarity is such that both the CML and SML hypothesize a straight line association between risk and return. The CML and SML also talks about systematic risks and portfolios which ar e risk free although the SML also includes the inefficient portfolios as well. Just as their exists a relationship between CAPM and CML due to similarities between the two, similarly the two concepts differ amongst each other for various reasons illustrated below. The CML is a line that depicts the rate of return which is dependent upon the rate of return which is free from adequate risk and the level of risk for various investment groups. However CAPM or the SML line used to represent the CAPM formulae is a graphical presentation of the risk and return in a market at a particular point of time. The measurement of risk factors is another difference between the two concepts. The CML uses standard deviation to gauge risk whereas for CAPM the risk factors are firmed via the beta coefficients. Therefore the former is a measurement basis which risk is calculated in totality whereas the later tells about the contribution of the security or the investment towards the risk on the entire portfolio. CML portrays only portfolios which are competent and proficient whereas the Security Market Line used to depict the CAPM, portrays both competent and non-competent portfolios. While calculating the return, the Y Axis depicts the return anticipated from a portfolio in case of a CML and the return that the individual investments gives are shown by the Y axis in case of the SML. The X axis of CML depicts the standard deviation whereas the X axis of the SML depicts the Beta of the shares and individual investments. The two axis is well depicted in the graphs below of both CML and SML wherein the horizontal axis of the SML depicts the methodical risk and that of CML is overall risk. The CML establishes the portfolio of the entire market and such assets which are free from any risks, SML establishes all the factors associated with investments made (Campbell, 2013). References: Boundless.com., (2012), Scenario Analysis, Available at https://www.boundless.com/finance/textbooks/boundless-finance-textbook/the-role-of-risk-in-capital-budgeting-12/scenario-and-simulation-assessments-99/scenario-analysis-427-7232/ (Accessed 19th January 2017) Campbell, B., (2013), CAL vs. CML vs. SML., Available at https://luckyhy.weebly.com/uploads/3/9/3/2/39328787/cal_vs._cml_vs.pdf (Accessed 19th January 2017) Fama, E.F., French, K.R., (2004), The Capital Asset Pricing Model: Theory and Evidence, Journal of Economic Perspectives, vol.18, no. 3, pp. 49-51 Kengatharan, L., (2016), Capital Budgeting Theory and Practice: A Review and Agenda for Future Research, Applied Economics and Finance, Vol. 3, no.2, pp.15-38 Koening, E., (2015), Sensitivity Analysis for Capital Budgeting, Available at https://smallbusiness.chron.com/sensitivity-analysis-capital-budgeting-10153.html (Accessed 19th January 2017) Zhamoida, O.A., Matsiuk, M.S., (2011), Sensitivity Analysis in Capital Budgeting, Economic Herald of the Donbas, vol.4, no.26, pp.132-136

X-BOX Essay Example

X-BOX Essay Xbox owned and designed by Microsoft Corporation is their first endeavor in the gaming industry. It was seen that there was a lot of potential in the video game market therefore Microsoft wanted to enter this part of the industry, also because they wanted to diversify their portfolio as there concentration was mainly on software’s alone. They wanted to come up with a game console design that was superior to all other competitors in the market. At the time of the launch of Xbox there were already tough competitors existing in the market and the intensity of the rivalry was very high there fore the company had to dedicate large sums of money, time and effort in order to launch this new innovation in the gaming industry.There were other substitutes available to the gaming industry such as PC’s and other games. Since the market was doing well there was a risk of other potential entrants into the market. However among the gaming experts that were already established in the m arket were Sony that was leading the market with its expensive playstation2 (PS2) followed by the reasonably priced family entertainment, Nintendo’s game cube. Xbox was launched in 2001 in North America first, followed by Japan, Europe and Australia. Before the launch of the product itself the company spent extensive team on the research and analysis of the Xbox in order to understand their target market in a better way. Moreover the customers were at a better bargaining state as they choose their console based on the game proposal as they had information about the market.There were many challenges that the company had to face before the launch in Canada. Mugford was responsible for the marketing of Xbox in Canada.The industry trend in the gaming industry was that they took the marketing support from the third party publishers or the console manufactures. But in Canada there was not too many resources available related to this compared to US. Unlike the United States Canada p rovided only 30% of the advertisements through third party publishers and Microsoft had to work them selves in order to promote Xbox and they wanted to maximize consumer purchases and for that they needed an effective promotional campaign. Third party console publishers would prefer to work with successful game developers.Secondly Mugford had to establish relationships with the promotional partners that would have supported and helped in the building the brand, however it was Mugford’s challenge to see that none of the partnerships in the Canadian market clash with the one in US.Advertising expense was high in Canada relative to the United States. The company had a budget of Cdn$12million for the marketing of the brand.   From this amount there were $6.965 million that were assigned for the advertising for Xbox. However there were a lot of challenges that the Xbox Canada had to face during the advertising of their brand. At the time of Xbox’s launch in Canada Sony ha d already allocated a huge amount for the advertising, more than Xbox because they had a larger install base. Xbox wanted to reach global markets therefore they adopted the traditional approach of advertising in order to market their brand.Given the budget constraints Mugford had to market the brand. He wanted to use the US based advertising in Canada too in order to reach the target market, which is why he bought MTV media awards which are supposed to be the biggest media event of Canada.Mugford had to play the ad for Xbox within three weeks of launch. There was less time and too many restrictions on making this ad. However Mugford hired an ad agency which was given the responsibility of making the ad.After the analysis it was seen that the gaming experts used the internet for the information about the games. But Mugford didn’t have resources to launch the Xbox Canadian website, he eventually made one but the site didn’t have Canadian content.The Canadian retailers pr eferred having a direct contact with Taylor for distribution purposes rather than the new sales associates. However he was worried because Xbox Canada didn’t have enough resources to set up a direct distribution channel at that point in time.Another challenge that Taylor who was responsible for the distribution of the consoles had to distribute the consoles to the 700 retailers in Canada n that too at a short period of time. Not that the distribution was a problem there were other problems that were associated to it. The products that were distributed in Canada to the entire major retailers they had to fulfill other requirements too which were such as packaging requirements that included French language in order to cater to the French population in Canada. This increased the cost relative to the US market. Taylor hired three distributors to undertake this task.Taylor had to improve relationships with the retailers in the mean time as well as the game developers. At the launch Microsoft had limited consoles available for sale. But they had to convince the retailers and the gaming experts that their product will give them quality unlike the Sega claim at that time about its promises that eventually failed.Xbox was priced higher than the Sony and Nintendo. This initially did have an impact on the sales as it didn’t make Xbox the leader in the market. However later the prices were reduced in order to boost the sales for the brand.The public relations planning were another challenge faced by Microsoft. It was becoming difficult to launch the video games on time and meet the dates and thus plans things accordinglyXbox was a new brand in the market. The company wanted to reinforce the brands image of Xbox .there was various ways the company could do this. They took part in major media events. They wanted to promote the different games of Xbox .they wanted to increase the market share of Xbox. The company had clear marketing objectives. They wanted to im prove the relations with the retailers and game developers; this was done spending a major portion of their budget on the advertising of the brand. They had a limited budget allocated by Microsoft and they had to plan their strategy according to that.They had a planned marketing mix which comprised of the 4p’s of product, price, place and promotion. They wanted to maintain the price o $299 Canadian dollar. This included many things such as increasing the shelf space for Xbox, sponsoring various events, and a commission system for the sales team to increase the sales and the workers motivation.They had a proper research plan that was focused on getting to know the target market. This would have made it easier to promote the product and the brand. They came to know the different kinds of customers who are going to buy the product, the gaming experts were the actual people the company wanted to buy the product.They organized a developer tour in which they promoted four of the Xb ox’s games .at the launch time the product was supplied to all the stores across the country. Moreover in order to reach his target market .he even derived his marketing campaign in the 80% universities of Canada. He even used print media to inform the students about Xbox.A very attractive part of the marketing was an Xbox bus that was suppose to drive all over Canada. This was an ideal way to target the customers that Xbox wanted to. The bus had all types of Xbox games and equipment. It brought excitement among customers. It was to encourage people to buy video games console. Mugford’s public relations efforts were to strengthen the brand. Those people were hired who were enthusiastic and knew about the work.Microsoft had to come across various distribution challenges in all this process. When Microsoft realized that the price they are charging is not giving value to the customers, which are what the customers perceived about the brand. They started to work on that. I t lowered its price and came second in the market.The Xbox strategy was focused and clear. Microsoft was clear about their target and based on that they were making their financial and marketing strategies. The promotional campaign, the launch and the distribution was all based on that. They hired the right kind of people who would do the work such as Mugford and Taylor who gelled well with the entire plan. The launch was planned and implemented across Canada.The market in year2/year3 situation is changing. In year 2 there was a positive growth rate of Xbox in the market. Xbox became the next generation console .the market share fr the Xbox reached a 24%.there was a growth of the sales as compared to the previous year of 48%.by this time the next generation video game system came second in the united states, across Canada and Europe and was doing very well. December was the year when the company made the highest sales. In Canada it was selling at a very fast rate. The sale was incre asing.They had a different plan for year 2 marketing. They wanted to reach the customers and gain long term success and commitment from the customers. The public relations and journalists were responsible for to promoting the gaming industry by writing about it.   Consumers were interested in the gaming industry there was an upward trend on the sales of such game consoles at this time of the year. The advertising cost in Canada was high as compared to the United States.However in the year 2002 it was still continuously showing a positive growth in the market. During the start of 2002 Sony was dominating the market with the market of 43% while Nintendo had taken the second place with a 30% there was a growing popularity and the sales of the console increased 6%, the demand for the play station 2 fell by 36% in the same year. Nintendo’s game cube fell by 22% but by this time Xbox had already captured around 27% of the gaming industry’s share. There was also an increase in the hardware demand of the Xbox as compared to the other competitor’s brand of Sony and Nintendo their market share fell by 58% in the same period. With the growing success of the Xbox Microsoft had plans to launch it at other places too such as Korea, Austria m Denmark, Finland and Switzerland. Microsoft had 50 action packed Xbox game which was part of the popular Xbox live. This many number of games online were more than many competitors.Mugford was concerned that the brand did not come on the second position however the amount of success and sales the brand got considering the amount of finance and resources that was available to him it was good enough and they were confident that very soon the brand is going to grow big in the future and the sales will increase. But Microsoft had to work on this in order to maintain this position because Sony was also doing well and they during the next holiday season and that would give a tough competition.Microsoft was assigned a bu dget for the implementation of the plan. the amount of finance available is very important because all your marketing decisions which include planning for the advertising, promotions, sales , launch , paying the workers, the production and distribution is based on that The working strategy, everything is interconnected. The more finance one has then you can choose to spend on them. As is the case here the marketing budget is restricted for Xbox.Therefore the advertising plans and promotions are based on the amount of budget. Based on the finance there are various advertising and branding techniques are implemented such as print media and other means of promotion such as Xbox bus and the event marketing. There are events on campus that Microsoft sponsors such as sporting events of football , hockey and basketball, music bands and performance of bands. Mugford was given cdn$12 million for the launch of Xbox in Canada. and then it was based on this overall marketing expenditure that Mu gford decided to allocate a share of Cdn$6.965 for the advertising .the advertising cost in Canada was more as compared to the united states and this was a challenge for Mugford such things tend to have an impact on the over all strategy for the business and the product.When he wanted to create a Canadian website he didn’t have the resources to do this.   Your financial implications also tend to have an effect on the kind of workers you are going to hire. When you don’t have enough finance to pay and hire truly enthusiastic people in your team then your product will not do well. The retailers wanted a direct relationship with Taylor which was not possible because he didn’t have enough resources to create a direct communication channel. Moreover the company had to bear the cost of packaging and labeling more because in Canada the packaging also required everything to be written in French and that of course added to the cost. Taylor hired extra sales representat ives in his team because he wanted qualified team of workers to help him with the sales. The financial implications tend to affect the goals of the brand.

Free Essays on Social Comformity

Nuremberg’s trials were a product of May 1940. This is the date the camp Auschwitz was set up. Thirty-seven miles west of Crawcow, innocent convicted criminals were installed at its prisoner hierarchy. Originally it was set up to be an instrument of exterminator and terror of the Poles. But as time passed, the Nazi’s began to depart people to the camp from all over Europe, Mainly Jews-citizens of various countries. When Polish soldiers attempted to repel the German invasion, the town of Oswiecim and surrounding areas were incorporated within the Third Reich. At this time its name was turned into Auschwitz. Two reasons this location was picked was because of it could be easily expanded and isolated from the outside world and because Oswiecim position as an important railway junction. This way they could get a lot of work done by train. April 1940, Rudolf Hoss was appointed Auschwitz first commandant, June 1940 the Gestapo dispatched the first political prisoners to Auschwitz-seven hundred and twenty eight Poles from Tarnow, Poland. Initially the camp comprised of twenty buildings. As the number of inmates increased, the area covered by the camp grew also, until it was practically transformed into a gigantic and horrific factory of death. Come 1941 the construction of a second camp, later called Auschwitz ii- Birkenau was built. Now Auschwitz I becoming the parent or â€Å"Stammlager† to a whole new generation of camps (). Above the main gate at Auschwitz-which prisoners passed each day on their way to work- there was a cynical inscription: â€Å"Arbeit macht frei† which means work brings freedom. The living conditions, although they varied to some extent during certain stages in time, were always unbearable. The first trainloads of prisoners slept on straw scattered on concrete floors; later the straw mattresses were introduced (). Two hundred prisoners were housed in a dormitory, which was barley adequate for forty to fifty perso... Free Essays on Social Comformity Free Essays on Social Comformity Nuremberg’s trials were a product of May 1940. This is the date the camp Auschwitz was set up. Thirty-seven miles west of Crawcow, innocent convicted criminals were installed at its prisoner hierarchy. Originally it was set up to be an instrument of exterminator and terror of the Poles. But as time passed, the Nazi’s began to depart people to the camp from all over Europe, Mainly Jews-citizens of various countries. When Polish soldiers attempted to repel the German invasion, the town of Oswiecim and surrounding areas were incorporated within the Third Reich. At this time its name was turned into Auschwitz. Two reasons this location was picked was because of it could be easily expanded and isolated from the outside world and because Oswiecim position as an important railway junction. This way they could get a lot of work done by train. April 1940, Rudolf Hoss was appointed Auschwitz first commandant, June 1940 the Gestapo dispatched the first political prisoners to Auschwitz-seven hundred and twenty eight Poles from Tarnow, Poland. Initially the camp comprised of twenty buildings. As the number of inmates increased, the area covered by the camp grew also, until it was practically transformed into a gigantic and horrific factory of death. Come 1941 the construction of a second camp, later called Auschwitz ii- Birkenau was built. Now Auschwitz I becoming the parent or â€Å"Stammlager† to a whole new generation of camps (). Above the main gate at Auschwitz-which prisoners passed each day on their way to work- there was a cynical inscription: â€Å"Arbeit macht frei† which means work brings freedom. The living conditions, although they varied to some extent during certain stages in time, were always unbearable. The first trainloads of prisoners slept on straw scattered on concrete floors; later the straw mattresses were introduced (). Two hundred prisoners were housed in a dormitory, which was barley adequate for forty to fifty perso...

Advanced Writing in the Discipline - Communication in Marketing Essay

Advanced Writing in the Discipline - Communication in Marketing - Essay Example The author’s intended audience is conscious creators of information with the mission to communicate a message as effectively as possible. It is thus likely that this person has taken marketing as a profession. This audience must keep up with new trends in the market, especially the ways in which people communicate, so that they may gain knowledge on how to share and spread information to gain maximum exposure and engagement. This will enable them to stay as competitive in their respective industry as possible. For every trend that the author identifies within the article, he ends with a suggestion on what effects need to be taken: â€Å"You must encourage your influencer to develop, share, and spread your story digitally† (Rooseboom 2011). If he did not include such suggestions, then this article could be addressing a much broader audience—anyone who is interested in understanding changes in human behavior over the past few years that have been brought upon by new technologies. The author also clearly identifies the ultimate purpose of the article within the introduction—â€Å"to give†¦the tools, the motivation, and the knowledge to tackle the challenges [of trends in the PR and media landscape] head-on† (Rooseboom 2011). Within the community, this document serves two purposes. First, it informs and addresses the ways in which human behavior has changed, thus identifying different trends in the market, which is clearly illustrated through real-life examples. Second, it serves as a guideline to overcoming these trends. The author addresses the implications of each trend and suggests how to tackling each of them. In terms of the layout, the article is viewer friendly as it is well-structured with short bullet points, contains short paragraphs that just provide enough detail, and it also incorporates visuals and embedded videos, which makes the argument even

What are the major conventions of Revenge Tragedy Discuss how they are Essay

What are the major conventions of Revenge Tragedy Discuss how they are used, combined or altered in Cyril Tourneur's 'The revenger's tragedy' - Essay Example T.S. Eliot recognized the dominance of the Senecan mood in drama during the era of the revenge tragedy when he suggested, â€Å"No author exercised a wider or deeper influence upon the Elizabethan mind or upon the Elizabethan form of tragedy than did Seneca† (Arkins 2). Any analysis of the revenge play genre centers on two particular plays, which both typify and transcend the revenge play genre Thomas Kyd’s The Spanish Tragedy and ur-Hamlet. The blueprint of the revenge tragedy is laid out and executed here to brilliant and devastating effect, an effect which indeed defined the notion of how revenge was to be played out on stage. There is of course significant disagreement to how the concept of revenge was interpreted via Elizabethan mores, whether the multitude of avengers in the various stage dramas put on during the end of the 16th and beginning of the 17th centuries represented immoral exemplars, examples of Anglo-Saxon barbarianism combined with un-Christian Senecan ethic (Broude 39), or perhaps something more noble like retribution in the mode of divine justice. Regardless, the ethical valence in the standard form of the revenge tragedy was generally unambiguous and robustly on the side of revenge and its attendant carnage. As as interesting caveat to this, Shakespeare’s Hamlet often seen as a response to the non-extant ur-Hamlet offers a level of ambiguity that does not so much negate the vengeful mood of the play but nuances it in such a way that makes Hamlet the singularly important and influential play it is today. A purer example of the revenge tragedy is perhaps Cyril Tourneur’s The Revenger’s Tragedy. Though as we will show, while it is most obviously ruled by many of the conventions of the revenge tragedy and is clearly meant to fall within it as an artful example of the genre, it does not adopt all of its conventions carte blanche. In order to make sense of this it will

Creating a Business Opportunity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Creating a Business Opportunity - Essay Example PVC market has been growing at a high rate in India because of its significant demand from the industry. The capacity of PVC growth has been gradually increasing by 10 percent compared to the world average production of 4 percent. The global PVC production and the consumption pattern has been growing and been compared with the world average. As per the statistical data of Chemical Marketing Associates Inc. (CMAI) the PVC demand had been 2.08 million tones and the capacity production was estimated around 34.8 million tons. The global demand of PVC production rose from 1.63 million tons to 3.1 million per tones. The demand for PVC production has been mainly for the manufacturing, glazing of the windowpanes and the doors. PVC chemical is required for the thermal production and its durability purposes (Butow & Taylor, 2009).Business Opportunity FeasibilityThe manufacturing of windowpanes is required to exhibit durability of the windowpanes and doors. The popularity of the windowpanes has been growing at increase rate in the metropolitan areas. Consumption pattern of PVC chemical has almost doubled three to four times. Demand of PVC products has been increasing at a rate of 10 percent compared to the world statistics of 4 percent. The consumption pattern of PVC chemical has been increasing with a substantial capacity. Additionally, 30 to 250 kt reflects demand and supply of PVC chemical. Heavy investment in manufacturing chemicals in industries is a main factor, which drives PVC production.

Review And History Of CDMA Computer Science Essay

Review And History Of CDMA Computer Science Essay CDMA technology was used many times ago at the time of world war-II by the English soldiers to stop German attempts at jamming transmissions. English soldiers decided to transmit signals over several frequencies, instead of one, making it difficult for the Germans to pick up the complete signal. CDMA has been used in many military applications, such as anti-jamming (because of the spread signal, it is difficult to jam or interfere with a CDMA signal), ranging (measuring the distance of the transmission to know when it will be received), and secure communications (the spread spectrum signal is very hard to detect). In 1949, Claude Shannon and Robert Pierce develop basic ideas of CDMA. In March 1992, the TIA (Telecommunications Industry Association) established the TR-45.5 subcommittee to develop a spread spectrum digital cellular standard. In July of 1993, the TIA gave its approval for the CDMA Technology standard. In September 1998, there were 16 million subscribers on CDMA systems worldwide. Now, 22 countries support CDMA. Verizon, used to be the largest carrier, is now second behind ATT, is using CDMA. Other Famous companies using CDMA are Sprint, Alltel in abroad, Tata indicom and Reliance InfoComm in India. 2. What is CDMA? Generally a fixed amount of frequency spectrum is allocated to a cellular system by the national regulator (e.g. in the United States, the Federal communication commission). Multiple-access techniques are then deployed so that many users can share the available spectrum in an efficient manner. Multiple access systems specify how signals from different sources can be combined efficiently for transmission over a given radio frequency band and then separated at the destination without mutual interference. The three basic multiple access methods currently in use in cellular systems are: A. Frequency division multiple access (FDMA) B. Time division multiple access (TDMA) C. Code division multiple access (CDMA) A. Frequency division multiple access (FDMA) The available bandwidth is splits into non-overlapping frequencies and these disjoint sub bands are dedicated to the different users on a continuous time basis. Channel bands behave as buffer zones to minimize interference between different users. B. Time division multiple access (TDMA) Each user has given the full spectral occupancy to the channel, but only for less time interval. Buffers zones are used as guard times inserted between the assigned time slots. This is done to decrease interference between users by permitting for time uncertainty that arises due to system inadequacies. C. Code division multiple access (CDMA) The main Drawback of FDMA and TDMA is that only one subscriber at a time is assigned to a channel. No other conversation can access this channel until the subscriber s call is finished or until that original call is handed off to a different channel by the system. The above drawback is overcome in this third technique. CDMA systems utilize the spread spectrum technique, whereby a spreading code (called a pseudo-random noise or PN code) is used to allow multiple users to share a block of frequency spectrum. Detailed Description of How CDMA work is explained below. 3. How CDMA works? With CDMA, unique digital codes, rather than separate radio frequencies or channels, are used to distinguish subscribers. The codes are used by both the mobile company and the base station, that codes are called pseudo-Random Code Sequences. CDMA is a spread spectrum technology, which means that it spreads the information contained in a particular signal of interest over a much greater bandwidth than the original signal. CDMA uses Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) technology. In DSSS technology, Signal is transmitted by adding random data-bits called chip. This addition is done by the direct sequence transmitters. Now signal contains both, a useful signal and a signal that appears to be interference (the chips) is transmitted. The receiver easily identifies the chips and subtracts them, leaving only the useful signal. This means that original signal is spread over several frequencies simultaneously. This can deliver secure communication such that the transmitted signal can not be detected or recognized easily by unwanted listeners. It can discard interference whether it is the unintentional interference by another user simultaneously trying to transmit through the channel, or the intentional interference trying to j am the transmission. In TDMA, the original call is transmitted at 9600 bps (9.6 kbps) but when put on the CDMA, the call is spread over a 1.23 Mbps bandwidth, so it can be transmitted at a higher speed. Unique codes are applied to the data bits that make up the telephone call for a particular user. The cellular telephone receiving the call takes off the data codes and the call is converted back to its original 9600 bps. The use of these data codes enables CDMA systems to differentiate data bits from many different calls in the cell. CDMA networks use a scheme called soft handoff, which minimizes signal breakup as a handset passes from one cell to another. The combination of digital and spread-spectrum modes supports several times as many signals per unit bandwidth as analog modes. CDMA is compatible with other cellular technologies, this allows for nationwide roaming. 4. Factors affecting CDMA functionality Although CDMA does not have some capacity limitation, no maximum number of calls per single, wide band-width channel is established. The number of calls that a channel can accommodate is based on 3 factors. A. Total bandwidth B. Geographical coverage C. Quality of sound ? The available bandwidth can be increased by decreasing the quality of sound or the area covered by network. ? Channels that primarily carry voice conversation do not use the extra capacity required to deliver CD-quality sound. So, more bandwidth is available to provide longer transmission distance or to accommodate more cellular calls. ? Suppose there are 2N users that only talk half of the time then they can be accommodated with the same average bandwidth as N users that talk all of the time. 5. Types of CDMA Some of the types of CDMA transmission are as under A. Composite CDMA/TDMA B. CDMA C. cdmaOne D. cdma2000 A. Composite CDMA/TDMA It is Wireless technology that uses both CDMA and TDMA. It is used for large-cell licensed band and small-cell unlicensed band applications. It uses CDMA between cells and TDMA within cells. B. CDMA CDMA is characterized by high capacity and small cell radius, employing spread-spectrum technology and a special coding scheme. C. cdmaOne cdmaOne is the first generation narrowband CDMA. It is also called IS-95. D. Cdma2000 This includes 1XRTT CDMA standard. That is designed to double current voice capacity and support always-on data transmission speeds 10 times faster than typically available today. 6. Advantages of CDMA A. Capacity: The capacity of CDMA currently is 8 to 10 times greater than AMPS which uses FDMA transmission (and predicted to be 20 to 40 times greater in future) and 4 to 5 times greater than GSM which uses TDMA transmission (with prediction of being up to 13 times greater). B. Best for in built system and micro-cell. As in CDMA transmission, we do not need SIM card it is best for in-built system and micro-cell. C. Improves the voice quality. CDMA systems use precise power control that is, the base station sends commands to every mobile phone currently involved in a call, turning down the power on the nearby ones, and increasing the power of those further away. The result is a nice; even noise level across the carrier, with lower overall power levels and no spiky interference. D. Improves the telephone traffic capacity. E. It also provides Call privacy. F. Easily planned and maintained in comparison with FDMA TDMA 7. Disadvantage of CDMA The only disadvantage of installing CDMA system is the cost of the base station with its complex communication equipments. A CDMA base station costs approximately $150,000, while a similar station for TDMA costs approximately $50,000. 8. Referenced Books A. Business Data Communication Fourth edition By Shelly Cashman Serwatka B. COMPUTER NETWORKS, 3rd Edition By Andrew S. Tanenbaum 9. Referenced websites A. www.scsite.com B. www.wikipedia.com C. www.wisegeek.com D. www.palowireless.com E. www.indiastudychannel.com

Hamlet as Antihero in Shakespeares Hamlet :: GCSE Coursework Shakespeare Hamlet

Hamlet as Antihero      Ã‚  Ã‚  By literary definition, an antihero is the "hero" of the play or novel, but has negative attributes that separate him or her from the classic hero such as Superman. Such negative aspects may include a violent nature, use of coarse language, or self-serving interests which may inadvertently depict the protagonist as a hero since the result of serving those interests may be the betterment of society or an environment. In William Shakespeare's Hamlet, the protagonist, Hamlet, is depicted as an antihero.    One factor contributing to Hamlet’s status as antihero is that he draws sympathy, as well as admiration, from the reader since Hamlet feels the pain of losing his father along with the burden and obstacles in avenging his murder.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Act four places a special emphasis on Hamlet's intelligence. In scene two, Hamlet is very insolent and rude towards Rosencrantz and Guildenstern with such phrases as,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "That I can keep your counsel and not, mine own. Beside, to be demanded of a sponge, what replication should be made by the son of a king" (IV, ii, 12-14)? The reference to the sponge reflects the fact that Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are easily ordered by the king and do not have minds of their own. Hamlet does not like Rosencrantz and Guildenstern since they are servants of the Claudius, Hamlet's mortal enemy. The reader does not like Rosencrantz and Guildenstern either which causes the reader to side with Hamlet.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another incident of Hamlet's high intelligence is shown when he Hamlet tells Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, "I am glad of it: a knavish sleeps in a foolish ear" (IV, i, 24-25).   This statement leaves Rosencrantz and Guildenstern more or less confused.    Hamlet is clearly more clever than the two of them combined and is able to toy with them. Hamlet has an excellent command of the language and because of it, can use words to the point that those around him will not understand and may label him as crazy.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hamlet shows another example of his cleverness, this time towards Claudius, when he says, "I see a cherub that sees them. But, come; for England! Farewell, dear mother" (IV, iii, 49-50). The cherub, or the angel, gives Hamlet a sense of superiority over Claudius. Having an angel at one's side would be a definite sign of power, which is exactly what Hamlet tries to maintain over Claudius in their constant power struggle.

Driving Teachers Crazy Essay

Teaching is not just earning a buck, it’s a snap. At the beginning of a new school year with high school sophomores, Mr. Finn is working at his desk wondering what the first period is going to be like. While waiting for the bell to ring, most students stand in clusters talking quietly but a few the knock- upstairs are rather loud and boisterous around the room causing a commotion with every group they pass. Not wanting to be overly negative on the first day, Mr. Finn says nothing. By the time the bell rings most of the class has become loud and boisterous. Although, teaching is a snap. Some students make it rather difficulty. When he realizes that his class is going to be immature, he will need to learn self-discipline. He remembers the classroom management suggestion he learned in college. â€Å"Don’t simile until Christmas and be tough on the first day†. Therefore, he commands everyone to sit and get the class started. From the time of role call to the time Mr. Finn is passing out textbooks, and then thought the introductory lesson, several students are loud and sometimes obnoxious, others to the other side of the room are murmuring, swearing and don’t forget the corners someone is snoring. He tells the students to be quieter, but they don’t listen. By the end of the first period he wonders whether his going into teaching might have been a mistake. He wanted to teach and help young learn, but certainly lost he thinks, when you spend your whole day disciplining students rather than teaching them. As routine as it may sound, this is the experience that I go through everyday. Having twenty students a day that are as loud as action is never pleasant. By the time I get home I head to the fridge to get chocolate ice cream not just because I need it, but also because want it. Noise distracts other slow learners as well as teachers. It maybe that this student needs to be noticed and recognized. I have a friend who always shouts to be noticed, being loud seem to enhance her personality, and sometimes to appear tough. It is so irritating when you are reading and  someone shouts loudly keeping you off track. This student need to encouraged repeatedly, she requires redirection and always told to demonstrate mature behavior. Secondly, name-calling is also a common occurrence and very nefarious. It bothers me when a student calls someone a name just to be noticed or for attention. Although there are key problems that lead to this behavior there are key issues behind the scenes. One key major aspect is sexuality, a student may feel that he/she is an outcast or cannot make friends. He/she attracts attention from peers through name-calling. Some classmates are also amused by this behavior – as long as it’s directed toward someone else. Sometimes, a student may have a need for food and drink, and may be covering this need by name-calling. A teacher has to recognize why the student is presenting this behavior in order to be of help. There are things that can be done by the student. A close relationship with someone may reduce this student’s need to call others names. Another irritating behavior is making fun of other’s weakness. People need to belong and respected no matter what their weakness, if this is taken advantage of they might be hurt or discouraged. Last year, I had a friend in my health class, he had a domestic problem and that his parents were divorced. Now that he lived with his mother who couldn’t support him in any way, he thought he could the world it all belonged to him. This friend of mine was real dumb and ill tempered, even though you greeted he thought that he was being insulted. He also had problem with English since his home language is â€Å"French† sometimes he would pronounce words with an accent for example â€Å"wit† instead of â€Å"with†, other students thought that this was weird or even fun and they always made fun of him they even nick-named him â€Å"wit†. As time went by, he suddenly stopped talking. Early in the morning he could sit by the corner and sleep. There are students like my friend who have different weaknesses, it doesn’t mean that they are different although they seem that way. A teacher can help these kids by getting a translator or after school tutoring. A teacher may all own the class to establish rules regarding this behavior. Our goal is to make † making fun of other’s weaknesses† socially unacceptable. School time dozing is another major problem in history of the classroom. In the middle of a discussion, a teacher unexpectedly stops speaking. Everyone stops speaking, nothing is heard except a faint sound from somewhere in the corner. Noise that sound like†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.snoring? Suddenly with a loud thwack! The teacher claps a book shut and the snoring culprit is jarred from his sleep, lifting his head up with blear- eyes all ashamed! You would think times have changed. Falling to sleep among today’s teenagers is a common occurrence. Why do the sleep in class? An obvious reason is lack of sleep. IT bugs me when someone is snoring and I am studying or typing. I remember last yeast in my keyboarding class a boy who sat adjacent to me. He slept and snored real loud, that the ceiling could tremble. I could hardly contrite and since this was a keyboarding class that never cared much the rule was â€Å"Do all you can but turn in work on time†. The only possible cure to school time dozing is personating time for activities as well as schoolwork. I conclusion, being a teacher can be tiresome. No matter how routine the day, still teachers get away with it. Teaching is supposed to be a snap as you lock the door, driving by the countryside sing † I t was horrible, but I managed†. Although you spend all day disciplining instead of teaching them.

Fiber Optic History essays

Fiber Optic History essays Our current age of technology is the result of many brilliant inventions and discovers, but it is our ability to transmit information and the media we use to do it, it that is perhaps most responsible for its evolution. Progressing from the copper wire of a century ago to todays fiber optic cable, our increasing ability to transmit more quickly and over longer distances has expanded the boundaries of our technological development in all areas. Toadys low-loss glass fiber optic cables offer almost unlimited bandwidth and unique advantages over all previous developed transmission media. The basic point-to-point fiber optic transmission system consists of three basic elements: the fiber optic cable and the optical receiver and the fiber optic cable. Optical communications date back two centuries to the opical telegraph that French engineer Claude Chappe invented the 1790s. His system was a series of semaphores mounted on towers, where humans operators relay messages from one tower to the other. It beat hand carried messages hands down, but by the mid-19th century was replaced by the electric telegraph, leaving a scattering of Telegraph Hills as it almost visible legacy. In the intervening years a new technology slowly took root that would untimely solve the problem of optical transmission, although it was a long time before it was adapted for communications. It depended on the phenomenon of total internal reflections, which can confine light in material surrounding by other materials with lower refractive index, such as glass in the air. In the mid 1840s, Swiss physicist Daniel Collodon and French physicist Jacques Babinet showed that light could be guided along jet of water for fountain display. British physicist John Tyndall popularized light guiding in a demonstration he first used in 1854, guiding light in a jet of water flowing from a tank. By the turn of the century, inventors realized that bent...

Typical Course of Study - 7th Grade

Typical Course of Study - 7th Grade By the time they are in 7th grade, most students should be reasonably self-motivated, independent learners. They should have a good time-management framework in place, though they will likely still need guidance, and parents should remain actively involved as a source of accountability. Seventh-graders will move onto more complex reading, writing, and math skills and a more in-depth study of previously-learned concepts alongside the introduction of new skills and topics.   Language Arts A typical course of study for 7th-grade language arts includes literature, composition, grammar, and vocabulary building. In 7th-grade, students are expected to analyze text and infer its message, citing the text to support their analysis. They will compare different versions of a document, such as a book and its film  version  or a historical  fiction book with a historical account of the same event or time period. When comparing a book to its movie version, students will learn to notice how elements such as lighting, scenery, or musical score affect the message of the text. When reading text that supports an opinion, students should be able to state whether the author supported his claim with solid evidence and reasons. They should also compare and contrast the texts of other authors presenting the same or similar assertions. Writing should include more in-depth research papers that cite multiple sources. Students are expected to understand how to quote and cite sources and build a bibliography. They are also expected to write well-researched and fact-supported arguments in a clear and logical format. Seventh-grade students should also demonstrate clear, grammatically-correct writing across all subjects, such as science and history. Grammar topics should ensure that students know how to correctly punctuate quoted text and use apostrophes, colons, and semicolons. Math   A typical course of study for 7th-grade math  includes numbers, measurements, geography, algebra, and probability. Typical topics include exponents and scientific notation; prime numbers; factoring; combining like terms; substituting values for variables; simplification of algebraic expressions; and calculating rate, distance, time, and mass. Geometric topics include the classification of angles and triangles; finding the unknown measurement of a triangles side; finding the volume of prisms and cylinders; and determining the slope of a line.   Students will also learn to use a variety of graphs to represent data and to interpret those graphs, and they will learn to compute odds. Students will be introduced to mean, median, and mode.   Science In seventh grade, students will continue to explore general life, earth, and physical science topics using the scientific method.   Although there isnt a specific recommended course of study of 7th-grade science, common life science topics include scientific classification; cells and cell structure; heredity and genetics; and human organ systems and their function. Earth science typically includes the effects of  weather  and climate; properties and uses of water; atmosphere; air pressure;  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹rocks, soil, and minerals; eclipses; phases of the moon; tides; and conservation; ecology and environment. Physical science includes  Newtons laws of motion; the structure of atoms and molecules; heat and energy; the Periodic Table; the chemical and physical changes of matter; elements and compounds; mixtures and solutions; and the properties of waves. Social Studies Seventh-grade social studies topics can vary greatly. As with science, there is no specific recommended course of study. For homeschooling families, the topics covered are usually influenced by their curriculum, homeschooling styles, or personal interests. World history topics may include the Middle Ages; the Renaissance; the Roman Empire; European revolutions; or World War I and World War II.   Students studying American history may cover the Industrial Revolution; the Scientific Revolution; the early 20th century including the 1920s, 1930s, and the Great Depression; and Civil Rights leaders.   Geography may include a detailed study of various regions or cultures, including the history, foods, customs; and religion of the area.  It may also focus on the geographic influences on significant historical events. Art There is no recommended course of study for seventh-grade art. However, students should be encouraged to explore the world of art to discover their interests.   Some ideas include learning to play a musical instrument; acting in a play; creating visual art such as drawing, painting, animation, pottery, or photography; or creating textile art such as fashion design, knitting, or sewing. Technology Seventh-grade students should use technology as part of their studies across the curriculum. They should be competent in their keyboarding skills and have a good understanding of online safety guidelines and copyright laws. In addition to using standard text and spreadsheet applications, students should learn to use tools for collecting data and conducting polls or surveys.  Ã‚   They may also want to publish or share their work using formats such as blogs or video-sharing sites.

Original media coverage of various events in U.S. history, period of Assignment

Original media coverage of various events in U.S. history, period of 1920s - Assignment Example On the other hand, the mass development and distribution of most of these mass mediums occurred in USA. The advertisements between 1841 and 1929 rose as a result of the expansion of America to Atlantic Ocean, which was among key factors that lead to the development of the industry. This is because of the campaign for products from east, which called for awareness in the western (John 2000). In the early 1920s, most cities in USA had newspapers, which were the primary medium of advertisements. Publishers’ main target was local businessmen. The construction of the transcontinental highway provided venues of advertisements hence building the media industries. The ideal case that was in all media companies is the advertisements for eastern products. V.B Palmer is the founder of the mass media company that enhanced the advertisements. His firm first ventured in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was the greatest distributor of newspaper within and outside the city. Palmer’s venture grew leading him to opening other branches in New York, Boston, and Baltimore. The success of the company was as a result of using ideas from the oldest media agency by J. Walter, in 1861 (History of American Journalism 2012). In 1921, the company was capable of distributing over 12,000 newspapers. This lead to multi-city and multi-state, as information flowed freely within its reach. It also facilitated the growth of other industries, leading to advertisement regulations. This was the first company to offer clients with planning services; this lead to planned advertisements. Different companies grew during the period. Magazines were not that common because their invention took place towards the end of the 19th century. These advancements also lead to the development of copyright laws; this was essential to protect ones knowledge from competitors. The radio facilitated the broadcast of sports such Boston

Tiny Little Pieces Fiction pretending to be non-firction Essay

Tiny Little Pieces Fiction pretending to be non-firction - Essay Example Another thing that should be noted is the ability of writers to think about things that could likely take place in some years to come and compile these as works of fiction. Some writers even produce science fictions that are futuristic in nature and while some of these are not happening at the moment, they could be closely related to reality in years to come. These set of science fiction writers produce works based on the scientific developments on ground and try to use their works of fiction to predict what could likely take place in the nearest future. Thus, the closeness of fiction to reality is largely dependent on the writers’ imaginative strength and their ability to think outside the box. It is really very difficult to decide whether or not to call works of literature non-fiction when they are closely related to reality. As explained above, works of fiction are borne out of the imaginative power of the writer and they are works that describe make-believe people and even ts. Non-fictional works are writings that contain facts about the events that take place in reality and are not primarily based on the imaginative ability of the writer. According to Marcus, the differences between non-fictional and fictional narratives are illogical, because â€Å"fact or reality shares the same form as fiction or narrative† (244). There are actually some works of fiction that the fictional elements are used as symbols to represent the events that take place in reality and this means that these so called, ‘works of fiction’ have some elements of reality embedded in them. Though, the people and the events in these works of fiction could be closely related to the ones in reality, this does not necessarily mean that they could be called non-fictional works. As long as these works have some elements of imagination in them and the writers have not claimed that they are based on reality, they should still be termed as works of fiction. Hence, works of literature should not be called non-fiction, even though there are some elements of reality in these messages of fiction. There are some liberty authors that have tried to convert works of fiction into non-fiction and one of them is James Frey in his Million Little Pieces work. Several critics condemned James Frey for converting a fictional work into non-fiction in his Million Little Pieces. Though, Frey has claimed that he did this in order to present a compelling account of the things that he saw around him, but the fact that Frey made it look like he was the one that experienced the things that were presented in his book leaves little to be desired. It is clear that Frey did these in order to arouse the emotions of the readers, but this is actually against the ethics of writing. Frey’s inability or refusal to acknowledge the real source represents another dimension of plagiarism, which is an abuse against writing ethics. It was even after the book had received wide acclai m that it was discovered that Frey invented the major events in the book and he never really experienced them. The fact that Frey tried to convert a work of fiction into n

Irritable Bowel syndrome Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Irritable Bowel syndrome - Essay Example This essay discusses that many women with anemia experience cases of acute fatigue, especially caused by menstrual blood loss. Anemia is mainly caused by iron deficiency though Maria eats regular diet. Being overweight can also be a source of fatigue, and may cause sleep disorders. The remedy would be to lose weight, quit certain lifestyles like smoking, drinking, and sleeping with CPAP device that keeps the air passages open. Taking the right diet is another remedy to help level blood sugar in optimal ranges. The diet should include foods such as eggs, and taking snacks throughout the day. Anemia causes iron deficiency during menstrual blood loss in women, since more red blood cells are needed to carry enough oxygen to the tissues and organs. Hypothyroidism is a thyroid, which is a small gland in the lower neck that controls metabolism. One will feel sluggish and may add weight if the gland is under active, and the metabolism functions is too slow. This occurs when the speed of conv erting fuels into energy is too slow. Certain foods such as too much caffeine may add more fatigue in consumed in large quantities, even though it improves alertness and concentration if taken in moderate quantities. Chronic fatigue that lasts up to six months may present symptoms like multi joint pains, headache, and muscle pain, and can be defined as chronic fatigue syndrome. The diagnosis may need a lot of time in clearly identifying the problem if the symptom is really fatigue, and other causes of fatigue should be investigated. Cushing’s disease, other infections like malaria, HIV infection, and influenza are numerous sources of fatigue. Heart diseases such as congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, pneumonia, and arrhythmias are also associated with fatigue. Their existence also needs to be explored. History of drug abuse, alcohol abuse, grief, bereavement, and bulimia are psychiatric conditions that may present f atigue. Even the medication history should not be left behind when investigating the causes of fatigue. Especially anti depressants, sedatives, medication and strong drug withdrawal, steroids, and blood pressure medications. Associated symptoms include vomiting, nausea, diarrhea, blood in urine and stool, constipation, fever, muscle cramps and aches. Depression Depression can also be a cause of severe fatigue, as well as other physical symptoms. Other causes of depression should be examined such as headaches, loss of appetite, and other causes of emotional disorder. Depression is a very complex condition to diagnose since it is attributed to many causes. The factors that might increase depression are abuse, either physical, sexual, or emotional abuse that might make depression manifest itself in later stages of life. Certain medications are known to enhance depression, especially drugs for treating high blood pressure, beta blockers, and reserpine. Personal conflicts are a sure sour ce of depression, or disputes among family members. Grief or loss of a loved one, like Maria’s son was involved in an accident raises the level of sadness, thus increasing the levels of depression. Depression is also a hereditary

Sarbanes-Oxley Act Essay Example for Free

Sarbanes-Oxley Act Essay From the e-Activity, recommend how the SOX framework can ensure reliable and complete financial information and how accounting professionals have benefitted from its use. Provide support for your response. Evaluate how the SOX has reinforced investors’ and creditors’ confidence in companies and how these individuals can take steps to verify the accuracy of the financial statements of potential investments or loans. Provide support for your rationale. Answer: The Sarbanes-Oxley Act was signed into law on July 30, 2002. Passed in response to the corporate and accounting scandals of Enron, Tyco, and others of 2001 and 2002, the laws purpose is to rebuild public trust in Americas corporate sector. The law requires that publicly traded companies adhere to significant new governance standards that broaden board members roles in overseeing financial transactions and auditing procedures. While nearly all of the provisions of the Act apply only to publicly traded Corporations, the passage of the bill served as a wake-up call to the entire nonprofit community. Indeed, several state legislatures have already passed or are considering legislation containing elements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act to be applied to nonprofit organizations. In many instances, nonprofit organizations have adopted policies and altered governance practices in response to the Act. Nonprofit leaders should look carefully at the provisions of Sarbanes-Oxley, as well as their states laws, and determine whether their organizations ought to voluntarily adopt governance best practices, even if not mandated by law. This report will review those provisions and assess their relevance to nonprofit organizations. Finally, it is important to note that two provisions of Sarbanes-Oxley apply to all entities, including nonprofit organizations. This report will also review those features of the Act that require immediate nonprofit compliance.

Literature :: essays research papers

In â€Å"Oxford Concise Dictionary Literary Terms† by Chris Baldick, characterization is defined as the representation of persons in narrative and dramatic works which include direct and indirect methods in inviting the readers to infer qualities from characters’ actions, speech, or appearance. However, modals in literature context serve as an eye opener to the personality and traits of the characters in short stories. It enables the readers to learn of the characters’ abilities, capabilities, prohibitions, obligations and so forth. The appearance of modals in literary texts serves its own specific purposes in accordance to the author’s wish. In David Leavitt’s â€Å"Territory† which describes the relationship between a mother (Mrs. Campbell) and her son (Neil) who is a homosexual, gives me an interest to explore and find out more about the characters. Through the use of modals found in the extract, it enables me to go in depth and examine t he characterization in the story.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Firstly, in paragraph 2, line 1 of the extract, the modal â€Å"must† is used by David Leavitt to show one of Neil’s traits indirectly – â€Å"The last item puzzles him: Pedro. Pedro must be the gardener.† Here, as Neil read through his mother’s daily list found on the kitchen table, he came across the name â€Å"Pedro† which he was unfamiliar with. Eventually, he expressed an assumption which he believed was true. However, instead of using â€Å"could† to indicate possibility, the writer chose to use the modal â€Å"must† to reveal Neil’s inner self which was lacking in confidence and even probably having a strong need of self assurance despite the fact that the modal is meant to express certainty. Thus, the readers are able to know more of Neil’s character as the modal is used to create a reverse effect on the readers as an irony. Secondly, in this extract, Neil the protagonist is presented by the writer as a son who was torn between his own desire to follow his heart or to live up to the society and his mother’s expectations of him. He tried to vision himself as the son that his mother expects of him through the use of modal â€Å"could† – â€Å"He could make a list of his own selves: the child, the adolescent, the promiscuous faggot son, and finally the good son, settled, relatively successful.† (Paragraph 2, line 3)By using the modal â€Å"could†, it gives the readers a feeling that he is capable of doing what he was expected to and it only depends on whether he is willing or not.

Pure and Impure Matter

Skills: Planning and Design Topic: Pure and Impure Matter Date: January 13, 2012 Problem: Troy was told that the presence of an impurity raises the boiling point of water. Troy wanted to carry out an experiment with salt water and distilled water to determine which would have a higher boiling point. Suggest a plan and design for this lab. Hypothesis: The salt water will have a higher boiling point than the distilled water. Variables: Controlled: the amount of distilled water and salt. Manipulated: The temperature of the distilled water.Responding: temperature of the salt water and temperature of the distilled water. Apparatus: beakers, bunsen burners, tripod stands, measuring cylinders, glass rod, electrical balance. Materials: distilled water, salt. Method: 1) get two beakers 2) Label them each, one salt solution and the other distilled water. 3) Measure 50cm3 of water into a measuring cylinder and pour into the beaker labeled salt solution. 4) Add 0. 8g of NaCl into the beaker labe led salt solution. 5) Stir until the NaCl is completely dissolved. 6) Place a thermometer into the beaker and apply heat. ) Record the temperature of the solution as soon as it starts to boil. 8) Repeat steps 3, 6 and 7 using distilled water. 9) Make observations. Expected results: the boiling point of the salt solution will be higher than the boiling point of the distilled water because sodium chloride is a non- volatile substance and an impurity when added to water. Therefore the substance does not change to vapour under normal heat conditions, because the bonds in the substances are stronger so a lot of heat must be applies and this will cause an increase in the boiling point.

Multivitamin

In my house I have two types of multivitamins on hand. I have Marvel’s, The Amazing Spider-man complete multiple Vitamin and Mineral Supplement with DHA. I also have Equate Woman’s One Daily with calcium, Iron, and Zinc multivitamin and Mineral Supplement. My son, although an adult, prefers the taste of a chewable, which is why I have Spider-man vitamins on hand for a 20 year old. The benefit of taking either of these vitamins every day is that no matter what you eat each day, since a daily diet usually varies, your body is guaranteed to receive at least the minimum amount of essential vitamins and minerals a body needs to perform at its best. Almost every person has a day where they didn’t eat breakfast, or maybe they skipped lunch, the vitamin, helps to replace what they missed in getting from the nutrients given to a body through food. For instance, I do not drink a lot of milk. Therefore, unless I am eating a larger amount of other dairy products to compensate, I need a vitamin that contains calcium to support my bone growth, structure, and to prevent osteoporosis since I am in my 40’s. While not having enough vitamins and minerals in your body can cause many health related problems, over taking them can also cause health problems. They fact is that most vitamins and minerals are absorbed into the body, and eating a healthy diet with only one supplement can keep a person healthy and balanced. However, most people do not eat a healthy diet, therefore the supplements can help keep them on track. One must keep in mind as well though that some people over use supplements thinking they are increasing their health when the reality is they may be causing the very problems they are trying to prevent. The textbook relates to a study showing that too much pyridoxine caused people to lose the ability to walk (Chapter 8: The Vitamins, n.d.), whereas not enough was thought to cause anxiety and depression. The text also explains how sailors did not get scurvy when they took vitamin C. Too much vitamin C causes stomach ailments. Based on the guidelines, in my home, vitamins are needed. We do not eat a proper healthy diet that would contain all the correct amounts of vitamins and minerals our bodies need to support good health. Taking a vitamin everyday, which we do, makes me feel a little bit better about the state of our health and daily diet.

Zebbra Muscles essays

Zebbra Muscles essays The zebra mussel is a native species of the Europe area. It was originally introduced into the United States by accident, through the ballast water in ocean-going freighters that came from European ports (Officials). The reason this was possible was because the ballast tanks equalize the weight of the ship and its cargo by filling up with the same water from which the ship floats, and also taking what ever may be in the water into the tanks as well. Then later they empty the water at a different location, relocating what ever was in the tanks to a new ecosystem, where the problems soon followed. Once they were introduced into the lake they began to reproduce at an alarming rate. The problem was at first, just as with most other alien species there were not any known predators in order to keep the numbers at bay. Soon after other problems began to develop. The mussels liked to be around flowing water, because that would bring food to them. This posed a big problem for those who relied on intake pipes such as power plants. The mussels would crowd around these intake pipes so tightly that they would in some cases actually stop the flow of water through these pipes. Also the zebra mussel devours microscopic plants at the bottom of the food chain (Faber B1). These plants are vital to the survival of the native species of the lake. If a part of the food chain is broken especially close to the bottom then the entire ecosystem suffers. In some cases the introduction of this species to lake Erie was thought to be worse than the oil spill in Alaska (Faber B1). Reason being, exotic introductions are permanent and spreading, they cant be cleaned up like oil spills. In a hundred years it is possible to substantially clean up an oil spill, but for the zebra mussels they will have spread across America. It was only at first that this mussel was thought to be all bad, but after a couple years of ...

Financial Ratio Analysis

Financial Ratio Analysis Ratio analysis is of great importance when it comes to the assessment of the financial position and health of any business enterprise. It may be a tedious activity but once results have been obtained from the computation, interpretation is fast and easy.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Financial Ratio Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Ratios can therefore be used by potential investors, creditors, and money lending institutions such as banks as well as the company management to judge how the company is progressing (Jan et al, 2008, p. 266). Ratios work by comparing two or more items on any of the prepared financial statements of a company such as the balance sheet, income statement, cash flow statement and many others (McManus, 2009, p.1). Ratios are grouped into different classes depending on their final use. These classes include: liquidity ratios which give an indication of whether the company is able to m eet its liabilities in the short run. Profitability ratios are used to determine whether the enterprise has the ability to handle its expenses and make profit in return to the resources it has put into the enterprise (Houston and Brigham, 2009, p. 90). The list of the type of ratios that can be calculated from any financial statement is endless since almost all items on these financial statements have some degree of correlation. The information obtained from financial ratios analysis, other than giving an impression of how the company is fairing on, it can be used by external bodies to determine the credit worthiness of the company A common example of a liquidity ratio is the current ratio which compares the liquid assets of a company to the non-fixed or current liabilities. It is therefore calculated as follows: Current ratio = Current assets/ Current liabilities This ratio is very important as it shows the company’s potential to pay for its short term liabilities. Any credi tor to the company will have to look at this ratio so as to depict the credit worthiness of the company in the short-term which will depict its ability to pay the long-term as well.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The second ratio is the Return on capital employed (ROCE) which is a profitability ratio. This ratio as the name suggests shows the correlation between the operating profits that has been generated during a certain trading period from the average long-term capital that has been invested in the company. In other words it shows what the company has managed to reap from the resources that it has invested for a certain period of time. It is calculated as follows: ROCE= Net profit prior taxation and interest x 100 Share capital + long-term loans+ Reserves This ratio is of great significance to the investors as they are able to predict how their investments ar e bound to fair in the targeted company. Another common profitability ratio is the Gross profit margin which depicts the relationship of the sales of the company and the generated gross profit. It is therefore calculated as: Gross profit x 100 Sales revenue This ratio shows how profitable the company is and is therefore used by money lending institutions such as banks as well as investors before making the decision of entering into financial transactions with the company (Jan et al, 2008, p. 266). Last but not least is an example of efficiency ratios that show how the company makes use of the resources it has. This is the Average inventories turnover period calculated as: Average inventories held x 365Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Financial Ratio Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Cost of sales This ratio is used to determine the average number of days that the company is holding inventories. Again the inv estors and banking institutions use this ratio as a gauge of the company’s progress. From the aforementioned examples of ratios, it can be deduced that ratio analysis is an important process of the business enterprise as it provides information to external users such as banks, creditors and investors in addition to assisting in the management of the enterprise or company (McManus, 2009, p.1). Reference List Houston, F. And Brigham, E. (2009). Fundamentals of Financial Management. [Cincinnati, Ohio]: South-Western College Pub. Jan, W. Haka, S. Bettner, M. And Carcello, J. (2008). Financial Managerial Accounting. McGraw-Hill Irwin. McManus, G. (2009). Financial ratio analysis. Retrieved from https://www.bizmove.com/finance/m3b3.htm